Subsistence Agriculture And Economic Development - 915 Words

1) Mellor, J. W. (2008). Subsistence agriculture economic development (C. R. Wharton, Ed.). Piscataway, NJ: AldineTransaction. Mellor s Chapter 7: The Subsistence Farmer in Traditional Economies in Sustainable Agriculture Economic Development explores how the traditional farming in developing countries such as Sudan is shifting. They are referred to as transitional agricultures, as they are adapting to influence and income form developed, wealthier nations. Focussing mostly on the â€Å"microeconomics of subsistence farms,† Mellor looks at the values of farmers, how they impact or impede upon change, along with exploring development policy in traditional regions. Using graphs and statistics from around the world, he explores topics such as the potential correlation between labour impute and product output as technological advances are incorporated. As Sudan has a long history of traditional farming, along with being a country with deep poverty, this article is useful in addressing these setbacks in acquiring and transitioning to using new technology and farming methods (Mellor, 2008). 2) Darbo, S. (2015, May 28). Sudan. Retrieved from http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/fileadmin/uploads/aeo/2015/CN_data/CN_Long_EN/Sudan_GB_2015.pdf A detailed look into the current economic state of Sudan, Darbo uses graphs, charts and many statistics to explore how the country is currently standing. Particularly looking at how South Sudan’s departure from the country impacted theShow MoreRelatedSubsistence Agriculture vs. Industrial-Style Animal Farming708 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Contrast subsistence agriculture and industrial-style animal farming. Subsistence farming is the most basic of farming methods where a small plot of land is cultivated by an individual, a family or a community just to feed their hungry mouths. All the produce is consumed by the family and not intended for sale outside. The experts believe that this kind of farming is almost primeval and needs to change quickly to the industrialized mode all over the world, if abject poverty and famine are toRead MoreThe Development Of Rural Development1405 Words   |  6 PagesRural development can be referred to as actions and initiatives to improve the socio-economic life in villages and non-urban neighborhoods. It involves provision of social, physical, and institutional infrastructural facilities. Agricultural development is transforming from a traditional level to a market oriented one. According to Okonkwor (1987), agricultural development is a process of change not fully from the traditional and subsistence mode to more productive and commercialized enterprises Read MoreIntroduction. Food Security Is A Fundamental And Growing1317 Words   |  6 Pagesof the highest levels of food insecurity and poverty in the world. However, the agriculture sector also provides Timor-Leste’s most promising opportunity to develop, reinvent, and implement systems that address underlying threats to food security and economic growth. This essay aims to provide some background on the issue of food security in Timor-Leste, explore the current political situation in regards to agriculture and food production, and highlight potential opportunities for the nation to createRead MoreThe Great Laws Of Nature : Indigenous Organic Agriculture784 Words   |  4 Pagespromote the consumption of locally grown food through organic frelated to survival and subsistence for many people worldwide. Based on these seven UNESCO criteria, organic farmers’ knowledge would qualify as indigenous knowledge (Sumner, 2006). In resonance with the understanding of organic k nowledge as indigenous knowledge, a Canadian documentary video, titled â€Å"the great laws of nature: indigenous organic agriculture† reflects and confirms the concept of indigenous knowledge as organic farmer’s knowledgeRead MoreSupply Chain And Its Effect On Farmers1087 Words   |  5 Pagesproduction capacity and market access, farmers either benefit from supermarkets through productivity spillovers and increased demand, or they get stuck in a low productivity trap with limited interaction with the supermarket sector. Supply chain development initiated by supermarkets can help farmers escape the low productivity trap. Supermarkets face a short-run cost, but gradually benefit from the agricultural skill upgrading in terms of increased market share. Our result suggests that when farmersRead MoreThe Egyptian Cultural Heritage Program Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesconditions in Egypt and how it impacted agriculture and the economic foundation of the Egyptian civilization (Hassan 1997:53-54). On the other hand, Hassan’s (1986:484) study focuses on the fieldwork he conducted in the Western Faiyum in 1981 and Biyahum in 1982 in order to provide geoarchaeological data for the â€Å"Faiyum Archaeology Project†. He investigates the rise and drop in lake levels in Faiyum and Biyahum and the impact it may have had in shaping prehistoric subsistence and settlement patterns aroundRead MoreSubsistence Agriculture1458 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion #1 How is intensive subsistence agriculture distinguished from extensive subsistence cropping? Why, in your opinion, have such different land use form s developed in separate areas of the warm, moist tropics? Intensive agriculture is the primary subsistence pattern of large-scale, populous societies. It results in much more food being produced per acre compared to other subsistence patterns. Beginning about 5,000 years ago, the development of intensive farming methods became necessary asRead MoreThe Agricultural And Food Sciences1713 Words   |  7 PagesUNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES Internationally Educated Agrologists Post-Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IEAP) AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA AGRI 4000-PRACTICING THE PROFESSION OF AGROLOGIST Nathaniel Akinkunmi 7764897 Introduction The agriculture industry in Nigeria has opportunities that are not maximized due to challenges it is facing. Background Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of 177,155,754 and was governed byRead MoreAdvantages to the Industrial Revolution in Early Modern Europe1540 Words   |  7 Pageswith resistance by the everyday-labourer and his family, these ideas were necessary for the nations economic development and sustainability. The Industrial Revolution was advantageous to society at the time because it provided the population with the means to provide needed materials through developments in mechanization, laboured work, as well as agriculture – but conformed to Malthus’ subsistence model by having citizens living together in slums located in urban areas close to their workplace,Read MoreAgriculture1692 Words   |  7 PagesZambia’s agriculture has the potential of enhancing economic growth and reducing poverty. Good agricultural policies and a well performing agricultural sector translates into significant improvements in the country’s Gross Do mestic Product (GDP), employment generation, and broadens the country’s tax base since the livelihoods of the majority of Zambians depend on agricultural-related activities such as farming. The sector, if well developed, should contribute significantly to welfare improvement

Born This Way Free Essays

Okonkwo was a hero in Ibo society, initially, because of his devotion to tradition and religion. He was a hero, also, because of his unbreakable resolve, his ambition to be great, and his hard work ethic. Okonkwo’s fall from hero status is a microcosm of the Ibo society’s lost of values which made it an esteemed society. We will write a custom essay sample on Born This Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both Okonkwo and the Ibo society itself abandoned their traditions, religious beliefs, and lost their positions of strength. Okonkwo was a hero in the Ibo society because; he was devoted to tradition, religion, and the rules. Okonkwo stood firm against the religious and political orders that the Europeans brought to Umofia. Even though Okonkwo said that he was doing what was best for his society, he also was fearful of the change to a new culture and a new tradition that would change his high stature in the society, â€Å"[a]n abominable religion has settled among you. A man can now leave his father and his brothers. He can curse gods of his fathers and his ancestors, like a hunter’s dog that suddenly goes mad and turns on his master. I fear for you; I fear for you the clan† (Achebe 124). This was problematic for Okonkwo because his sense of his own worth was dependent upon how the society judged him. Okonkwo was a hero because of his unbreakable resolve, his ambition to be great and his hard work ethic, â€Å"[h]e had a slight stammer and whenever he was angry and could not get his words out quickly enough, he would use his fists had no patience with unsuccessful men. † (Achebe 5). Okonkwo’s behavior was the result of having a father who was poor, soft, and did not claim any title in his life time. Okonkwo struggled not to become a weak and lazy man like his father. He believed that he had to be strong, hard working, and become well respected by his village but, he was afraid of failure. Okonkwo took on opposite beliefs such as being wealthy, brave and anything else that would not make him look like an agabla, or feminine. Okonkwo’s life began to fall apart after three incidents; first when he killed Ikemefuma, who was someone who lived with him and was like a son to him but he did it because he wanted to appear to be brave. Next, he was exiled from the clan for seven years. Okonkwo knew that he lost his standing in the Ibo society because of his exile. Okonkwo’s awareness of his lost of stature in the Ibo society was conveyed by the narrator when he said, â€Å"he had lost the chance to lead his warlike clan against the new religion, which, he was told, had gained ground. [h]e had lost the years in which he might have taken the highest titles in the land† (Achebe 121). His ambitions of being rich and powerful became obsolete, because of his exile. His final downfall was when Nwoye, his oldest and favorite son, converted to Christianity. This deeply depressed Okonkwo because he had not only high hopes for Nwoye, but he was his heir. Being robbed of a position of strength and not being able to resist change was the downfall of the Ibo culture. As soon as the white people came to Umofia everything that the tribe had once stood for was slowly becoming obsolete, â€Å"Now he has won out brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart† (Achebe 125). Okonkwo felt betrayed by the members of the tribe whom he had once seen as great warrior like men. Okonkwo believed that if he had not been exiled he would have prevented people from converting to Christianity. He was also disappointed in the behavior of his clan members. â€Å"Okonkwo was deeply grieved. And it was not just a personal grief. He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had unaccountably become soft like women† (Achebe 129). The clan members that he knew and remembered would have driven out the white men long ago. Okonkwo’s feelings of disappointment of the new society that had taken over Umofia, lost of esteem, lost of cultural identity, guilt and disappointment in his clan members led him to commit suicide. Okonkwo started out with everything he wanted, barns filled with yams, wives, children, being a warrior, and a well-respected, hardworking member of the society. He had a plan for his life but the plan fell apart. He lost the traditions that he loved and cherished. He viewed the white missionaries as a threat to the way he wanted his life to be in his society. He was not flexible and did not want to change. Despite his self assessment, Okonkwo actually does adhere to his values. The Ibo culture has changed; but Okonkwo, while he was exiled (or maybe because he was exiled) does not take on the culture values of European society. He could have only become accepted in the changed culture if he, himself, had accepted the new culture, and changed himself. This change was not a change that Okonkwo wanted to evolve into. He believed that he was born that way and could not and would not change his beliefs. He did it the way he wanted to and ended his life. How to cite Born This Way, Papers

Occupational Health and Safety Organizations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucuss about the Occupational Health and Safety Organizations. Answer: Introduction: Businesses are started for various purposes which include the provision of goods and services in exchange for monetary considerations. Most of the businesses employ other people to help in operations of the business. The employed people should be provided with a safe workplace that is free from harmful substances that may cause health complications, injuries and even sometimes death. It is the sole responsibility of the employer to ensure that the workplace is safe and do anything possible to ensure that his/her employees are protected (Gold, et al.2012, p.30). The employees, on the other hand, are supposed to follow the procedures and policies developed to ensure their safety. Failure to protect employees by the employer, the employer will be liable to pay for the damages caused, be fined, be convicted or both. The duty of care to the employees. Employers have the duty and responsibility to ensure that their employees are protected from risks that may cause injuries and other health complications. The employers under the law are supposed to make sure that the employee's health and well-being are ensured (Sorensen, et al.2013, p.12). The employer should take the necessary action that will ensure that the plants and machinery used in the organizations are safe to use. The machines should be well fixed and maintained to ensure that they cannot cause any injuries to the employees. The machines should also have manuals that will help the people operating them on how to use them. The employers should develop policies that will ensure that employees do not tamper with the machines because this can cause injuries. It is also the legal responsibility of the employer to ensure that the safe working practices in the business are followed by all the employees. Employees who do not adhere to the practices should be warned and advised on the importance of following the safety practices. The employees who do not adhere to the safety practices can also be dismissed by not following the safety regulations of the company (Schulte, et al.2014, p.2153). It is also the responsibility of the employer to ensure that right warning signs are issued and followed. Not only do the signs help the warning signs help the employer to ensure the safety of his employees, but the warning signs will also assist the employer avoid legal obligations caused by injuries to employees who do not follow the set safety practices. It is the legal responsibility of the employer to ensure employees are trained on safety practices in a language that all the employees can understand. This measure will ensure that all the employees have understood on how to follow the safety policies and procedures developed by the employer (Robson, et al.2012, p.200). The employer should also put a post in a strategic location in the business where employees can learn about their rights and responsibilities. The poster should be written in a language that all the employees who can read can understand. This will help to ensure that employees are aware of the part they are supposed to play to ensure that the workplace safety is enhanced. It is the legal responsibility of the employer to ensure that a comprehensive risk assessment is conducted. The employer should ensure that it seeks services of experts in workplace safety management to ensure that the risks that can cause injuries to the employees are noted and documented (D?jus, and Antuchevi?ien?, 2013, p.730). The risk assessment can also be conducted by an employee who is trained in safety and health matters. The employees should also be informed of the health hazards that may occur in the process of conducting their duties and how they are protected from such hazards. Employers should also consult employees on their issues and whether the enacted policies and procedures are enough to ensure that the workplace is safe. It is also the legal responsibility of the employer to ensure that employees injured in the process of carrying out their duties in the business receive the best medical care that will ensure that the employees recover well (Zanko, and Dawson, 2012, p.336). The employee is also liable to pay for the damages caused to the employees in the cause of performing their duties. Under the tort of negligence, the employer is supposed to pay for the damages as instructed by the court. The employer can also be fined, jailed or both in some cases where the employer has failed to set practices, policies, and procedures that will ensure health and safety management in an organization. References D?jus, T. and Antuchevi?ien?, J., 2013. Assessment of health and safety solutions at a construction site. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 19(5), pp.728-737. Gold, P.B., Oire, S.N., Fabian, E.S. and Wewiorski, N.J., 2012. Negotiating reasonable workplace accommodations: Perspectives of employers, employees with disabilities, and rehabilitation service providers. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 37(1), pp.25-37. Robson, L.S., Stephenson, C.M., Schulte, P.A., Amick III, B.C., Irvin, E.L., Eggerth, D.E., Chan, S., Bielecky, A.R., Wang, A.M., Heidotting, T.L. and Peters, R.H., 2012. A systematic review of the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training. Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, pp.193-208. Schulte, P.A., Geraci, C.L., Murashov, V., Kuempel, E.D., Zumwalde, R.D., Castranova, V., Hoover, M.D., Hodson, L. and Martinez, K.F., 2014. Occupational safety and health criteria for responsible development of nanotechnology. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 16(1), p.2153. Sorensen, G., McLellan, D., Dennerlein, J.T., Pronk, N.P., Allen, J.D., Boden, L.I., Okechukwu, C.A., Hashimoto, D., Stoddard, A. and Wagner, G.R., 2013. Integration of health protection and health promotion: rationale, indicators, and metrics. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(12 0), p.S12. Zanko, M. and Dawson, P., 2012. Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(3), pp.328-344.

Social Status free essay sample

The novel Wuthering Heights takes place in nineteenth century England, a time where social class held utmost importance and the characters in this novel were no exception to that standard. The effects of the extreme importance placed on social status on the characters is seen throughout the novel. These social pressures effected the character’s sense of self, and more importantly, their relationships and love. Heathcliff had the most trouble fitting into the prim and proper standards of the English high class society when he arrived at Wuthering Heights. Many of the family members shared negative opinions of him except Catherine, who herself once belonged to the lower class. The relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine ended on the basis of the negative views of Heathcliff and his lack of high social class. In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte illustrates how Heathcliff and Catherine are effected by the importance of social status. Moreover, the effects of social class had the greatest impact on the two main characters in the novel, Heathcliff and Catherine. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Status or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Heathcliff appeared poor and unkept but when Catherine saw him, she knew she loved him. But there was also Edgar, a handsome and wealthy man who Catherine also experienced feelings for. When choosing which man she would marry it became clear that the high social class of Edgar outweighed her true passion for Heathcliff. â€Å"It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know I love him† (Bronte, 82). When asked why Catherine loved Edgar she explained it was because he was handsome, young, cheerful, and wealthy. â€Å"I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband† (Bronte, 80). Catherine was concerned about her reputation among the other women she knew, although Nelly knew that, in reality, Catherine’s true passion and love lied with Heathcliff. Nelly questioned Catherine on her acceptance of Edgar’s marriage proposal because she saw that Catherine wanted to marry him for all the wrong reasons. Catherine knew this as well but fear kept her from admitting to herself that she loved someone who could possibly ruin her social class and reputation. â€Å"My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath- a source of little visible delight, but necessary† (Bronte, 84). Even Catherine herself recognized her true love was Heathcliff saying that while he may not be handsome and socially acceptable, she needed Heathcliff. Catherine’s impression of Heathcliff came not only from herself but from the opinions of the strong minded people around her. Furthermore, Catherine was not the only one who held high social standards, especially when it came to Heathcliff. From the moment that Mr. Earnshaw arrived back to Wuthering Heights Heathcliff was not greeted with open arms, †Hindley hated him, and to say the truth, I [Nelly] did the same† (Bronte, 42). Hindley’s strong opinions on Heathcliff influenced Catherine. The impression that Heathcliff made was that when he first walked into Wuthering Heights looking disheveled, the first sign of a person in England with low social class. Everyone at Wuthering Heights saw Heathcliff as a â€Å"dirty, ragged, black haired child† and a â€Å"gipsy brat† (Bronte, 41). Because of these conceptions that the English had during this time, almost all of the family members at Wuthering Heights wanted nothing to do with Heathcliff. Accordingly, Catherine also tried to convince her sister-in-law, Isabella, not to marry Heathcliff. She feared the same thing for Isabella that she did herself, she did not want her to lessen her reputation by marrying Heathcliff. She called him â€Å"a half-civilized ferocity† and yet again mentioned how he would degrade her (Bronte, 96). Edgar, Isabella’s brother also very much despised the idea of her marrying Heathcliff. Edgar did not want someone of Heathcliff’s status to have the rights to the land and the fortune of Wuthering Heights and the Thrushcross Grange. He did not believe someone such as Heathcliff deserved so much and thought Heathcliff only wanted status and wealth. All of this hatred towards Heathcliff stems from the views all of the characters share about the importance of social class and keeping a good reputation. Neither Catherine nor Edgar cared that Isabella actually loved Heathcliff. The social importance effected Heathcliff that his rel ationship with Isabella stemmed from revenge. Heathcliff wanted to exact revenge on Edgar and Catherine for their marriage, since Catherine chose Edgar over him. Heathcliff knew that by having relations with Edgar’s sister he could obtain his revenge. Heathcliff knew of the hatred towards him caused by his social class. Therefore, the major theme that runs through the novel Wuthering Heights, is the effect of social classes in nineteenth century England. The social standards of the characters create havoc in the lives and the relationships. The relationship most effected by these views of social classes is that of Heathcliff’s and Catherine’s. If not for the skewed view of social importance Catherine would have married Heathcliff over Edgar. Catherine had a passion for Heathcliff but in the end was negatively impacted by the strong, narrow-minded opinions of Hindley and the others at Wuthering Heights. Another relationship involving Heathcliff was also looked down upon due to his low social class. The main character, Heathcliff, has the negative conceptions of social importance impact him the most throughout this novel.

Free Essays on Kimpa Vita

Kimpa Vita The story of Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, a Kongolese woman alleged to be possessed by the Saint Anthony is a narrative that discusses the Catholic movement she led in her home Kingdom of Kongo. In his book, Thornton follows the life of Kimpa Vita, giving the reader a sense of the culture and daily lives of the Kongolese. Kimpa Vita grew up in a very unstable time and heard about local events from her family and neighbors. Three ruling families competed for power in the Kongo. This resulted in numerous, seemingly unending civil wars throughout the Kingdom of Kongo. In fact, her own father was often away at war to defend the people of the Kibangu region. Turmoil had gripped the lands for many years, and the people of the Kongo began to think nothing short of a miracle would bring peace and stability back to the Kingdom. In 1704, when Kimpa Vita was twenty years old, she apparently died and then returned to life, possessed by the Catholic Saint Anthony. As Saint Anthony, she began to preach her version of Christianity, a mix of Catholicism with traditional Kongolese beliefs. Much to the dismay of the Catholic Church, Kimpa Vita quickly attracted a large following of common people, as well as some nobility. Her message was simple and believable, and in a time of such distress, people were willing to believe almost anything that would bring them peace. Kimpa Vita taught that Jesus was actually born in Sao Salvador, and therefore wanted it to be restored as the capital of the Kingdom of Kongo. Jesus, Mary, and the Saint were also of Kongolese origin. She changed the prayer Salve Regina to Salve Antonio and dismissed the ritual of baptism. After converting many Catholics to Antonionism, Kimpa Vita was burnt at the stake on the charge of heresy. There are many different aspects of the Antonian Movement that can be identified and examined, but perhaps the most interesting is the relationship and conflict between Christianity a... Free Essays on Kimpa Vita Free Essays on Kimpa Vita Kimpa Vita The story of Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, a Kongolese woman alleged to be possessed by the Saint Anthony is a narrative that discusses the Catholic movement she led in her home Kingdom of Kongo. In his book, Thornton follows the life of Kimpa Vita, giving the reader a sense of the culture and daily lives of the Kongolese. Kimpa Vita grew up in a very unstable time and heard about local events from her family and neighbors. Three ruling families competed for power in the Kongo. This resulted in numerous, seemingly unending civil wars throughout the Kingdom of Kongo. In fact, her own father was often away at war to defend the people of the Kibangu region. Turmoil had gripped the lands for many years, and the people of the Kongo began to think nothing short of a miracle would bring peace and stability back to the Kingdom. In 1704, when Kimpa Vita was twenty years old, she apparently died and then returned to life, possessed by the Catholic Saint Anthony. As Saint Anthony, she began to preach her version of Christianity, a mix of Catholicism with traditional Kongolese beliefs. Much to the dismay of the Catholic Church, Kimpa Vita quickly attracted a large following of common people, as well as some nobility. Her message was simple and believable, and in a time of such distress, people were willing to believe almost anything that would bring them peace. Kimpa Vita taught that Jesus was actually born in Sao Salvador, and therefore wanted it to be restored as the capital of the Kingdom of Kongo. Jesus, Mary, and the Saint were also of Kongolese origin. She changed the prayer Salve Regina to Salve Antonio and dismissed the ritual of baptism. After converting many Catholics to Antonionism, Kimpa Vita was burnt at the stake on the charge of heresy. There are many different aspects of the Antonian Movement that can be identified and examined, but perhaps the most interesting is the relationship and conflict between Christianity a...

A New Era Of African Women Embracing Sexuality

A New Era Of African Women Embracing Sexuality Sexuality is a concept that varies across different cultures and/or religions in the world. Female sexuality covers not only the female sexual identity but also female sexual behavior. Perception of female sexual experiences has evolved over the years from a cultural phenomenon that is almost like a taboo to talk about, to something being more frequently discussed today. The topic of sexuality has been silence in Africa for centuries. Because of the difficulty in embracing intimate and individual emotions and preferences, most women in Africa lose their voice in discussing sexual preferences and emotions with their partners. The issue is sexuality is a gender-specific social construct in Africa. Parents discourage children growing up in Africa from any sign of sexual stimulation with the idea that masturbation is sinful and morally wrong. Critiques about these ideas are normally non-existent because when the question of morality goes into play with an African, people shy away from these things. African men do not expect women to experience sexual satisfaction thus making women in African ignorant to sexual pleasures and orgasms. They only expect African women to have sex because of childbearing. This patriarchal construct has succeeded in making its way to the tradition of female genital mutilation. Of course with this practice, the cutting off of the woman’s clitoris will ensure a woman will never experience sexual pleasure in her lifetime. These practices represent a misogynist view of what the female body is supposed to feel or give for it deprives women of the opportunity to control sexuality and personal preferences. With this, we will answer four tangible questions surrounding this subject, about the sexuality and sexual experiences of African women. How to approach the experiences of sex and other sexual activities to women in Africa? Because of the moral construct of women and the sex, the experiences of sex are often left out of sex education. Even when professionals try to educate young people about sex, sexually transmitted diseases and, family planning is usually the topic focused on. The conversation of individual experiences of sex is usually ignored or forgotten altogether. Women in Africa are shy or careful to talk about their sexual experiences with their partners with the fear of judgment of their morality. Most African men in parts of Africa often labeled women with contemporary sexual flavors as wild, immoral and women not worthy of marriages, therefore, leading women neglecting to ask for, or initiate potential triggers of pleasure in the bedroom. Because of concurrent stereotypes, it is easy to be labeled as oversexed when you are an African woman. While this is not the case, the African woman has to struggle to correct the different narratives about her sexuality. To her, sexuality encompasses everything that the wider public believes it’s not. Like any other woman from any other race that doesn’t go through the same levels of disbelief constantly thrown toward African women like a bone to a dog, sexual experiences are just that something you experience and enjoy as a woman. Most African women struggle with desires that should be natural to them because of these beliefs that hide their sexuality. With the mindset of the female body being made for sex and procreation only, pleasure for many African women is stifled if not non-existent as it is seen as something to endure rather than explore or enjoy, as past occurrences and precedents have established the need to treat their sexuality that way. How to approach the experiences of sex and other sexual activities to women in Africa? There has always been a huge difference between the messages given to African men and African women about sex and sexual experiences. Even during sex, the society cautions women to allow the man to take the lead and made to believe there are limits to what she can get from it. Pleasure is only meant for the man in these cases, so much that a huge percentage of African women didn’t realize they were just as entitled to the pleasures men have had for a long time. We can approach these experiences by providing an educational platform that talks openly about sexual experiences, and activities without cultural criticisms. This can be done by teaching both young men and women to relearn the functions of the female body. If the African society can take out the guilt of morality from a womans sexual conquest, more women will begin to freely talk about their wants and needs with their partners. This could also start from the root of the cause and work its way up. Although this tactic m ight seem ineffective for most since older African women have strong beliefs about labeling the hyper-sexual experiences of a woman as bad and the older generation would less likely accept a change in idea contrast to what they have lived by all their lives, they need to have eye-opening scenarios painted for them, which encourages them to look beyond their baseless ideologies and consider speaking more to their daughters and young women about sex. How do you think, approach, and own your own orgasm? There is a stiffness that comes with believing men should be the sole beneficiaries of pleasure that has to go. As an African woman, you are well allowed to explore your body, and mind for sexual triggers and reach your climax without the fear of being judged by someone. Be it your mother’s tiny voice in your head telling you God is mad at you for masturbating, or that person in your family who makes you feel dirty every time you feel the need to experience sexual pleasure. You can never fully experience sexual pleasure at its greatest peak if you don’t figure out how to turn yourself on. No one can give you what you can’t give yourself. Learning about your body helps to guard your partner to take you to those places you want to go or even higher. Your sexual experiences are most definitely natural and you should always answer Mother Nature when she calls! When you do reach that place, enjoy it without caring about anything else and anyone. Your sexual health sho uld be as important as everything else you care for. How does the younger generation view polygamy versus how our predecessors viewed them? For the younger generation, it boils down to religious concepts that present polygamy as an option (however with conditions). Our predecessors stayed in marriages long enough to accept polygamy. Because of societal expectations on women, wives in the past had no problem staying in abusive marriages, struggling and taking in everything however worse they might be. The younger generations have begun to question certain standards and are taking their time with marriages. Women of today are less likely to accept, polygamy and abuses than women in the past. Any sign of these things would leave a wife packing out of her home for a single life where she doesn’t have to deal with a cheating or abusive husband. In conclusion, there’s still a lot more to uncover about the African woman’s sexuality. There are more things to learn and unlearn and more conversations to engage in. One thing is for sure. This is the era of African women embracing their sexuality.

Barking Wellfare Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Barking Wellfare Organisation - Essay Example Hence, it may not find ready applicability in all cases. Therefore, it has become necessary to consider the net present value (NPV) of projects using DCF method, known as discounted cash flow method. The main advantages of the DCF, is that a positive NPV, would indicate the fact that the project generates more cash inflows rather than resource outflows, used up for servicing of the project. It is, therefore, the discretion of the management to decide whether the project may be accepted and implemented after taking cognisance of all the related facts and figures. Financial analysis is important because they form the bedrock of strategic corporate decision making and creating value additions for shareholders and others who are having financial interests in the Company and its operations. Step 3: If the NPV results in a positive figure, the project may be accepted and if negative, it should be rejected. (Brigham, Eugene F. and Ehrhardt, Michael C. (2004): Financial Management Theory and Practice: Capital Budgeting: Capital Budgeting Decision Rules: 509) â€Å"The net present value method is a modern method of evaluating investment proposals .This method taken into consideration the time value of money and attempts to calculate the return on investment by introducing the factor of time element.† (Gupta & Sharma). In this case study, the NPV has been considered the best option available, since it recognises the time value of funds that are being injected into the project, and is best suitable since in this case, both the cash inflows from the sale of plants, are controlled by market forces, and also the outflows depend upon the use of assets at different points of time in the period of determination. In the first place, this Welfare Organisation has rehabilitated and made employable, the physically disabled people, to lead socially useful lives for themselves and their community settings.

Nonprofit organization pepar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nonprofit organization pepar - Essay Example There are innumerable nonprofit organizations throughout the world working for the society, environment, and governments. These nonprofit organizations produce a deep impact on the lives of many people, societies and environment through their dedication, focus and selfless service. These organizations continually set examples for other societies and cultures, which get conceptually copied or become the source of inspiration for other entities in different parts of the world. One such initiative is ‘SELCO Solar Light Pvt Ltd’ by Harish Hande, an Energy Engineer from India, in partnership with Neville Williams, the founder of Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF). SELCO Solar Light Pvt Ltd clearly has all the characteristics of a nonprofit organization as outlined by Ashcraft (2005). SELCO is headquartered in Bangalore, a southern city of India and has about 25 energy centers across two states within India. It employs about 170 employees and has sold over 115,000 solar systems in a span of 15 years. SELCO is registered as a private limited company and adheres to all business laws including employee wages, compensation etc. However, SELCO operates on exclusively designed policies, programs and services. SELCO can be contacted through its numbers available from its website, www.selco-india.com. Although SELCO is solely private in nature, it has partnered with different groups including technology, finance, carbon trading companies, community based organizations, international setups for community development, and other nonprofit organizations across India and other countries. SELCO is governed by a group of board members that are highly educate d and experienced in the field of nonprofit and rural development work (SELCO, n.d). Hande studied Masters Degree from the University of Massachusetts after acquiring an undergraduate degree in Energy Engineering from

Lord of the Flies - Leadership Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Leadership Essay The ideas of Leadership and human nature can best be related to an up and coming Hollywood star. They start out all innocent but the fame, fortune, and power catch up with them. It changes them, having people look up to you and knowing that they will follow everything they do allows you to understand the power that you have. They can end up going out of control and it will change them for the worst. The ability to have this kind of power, for Jack, turns him into being obsessive with being the leader of the tribe. When he does not win it makes him really jealous of Ralph. He makes everyone turn on Ralph to become the unofficial leader. The power drives him crazy and starts to beat on kids on the island for no apparent reason, it even escalades to killing them. It is human nature to have the desire for power, to lead other people, and control them, even though we don’t try to the greed can overpower us to do the wrong choices. The human nature of wanting power can come for several different reasons such as competition to be the leader of the tribe, having too much desire to be a leader, and when you are neglected by the others. A major reason there was greed to have power, in Lord of the Flies, is because there was competition in who would be it. Jack thought he was a shoe-in to be leader since he had the choir to back him up. Instead, Ralph was chosen over Jack. Jack was extremely angry that he lost and believed he deserved to be the leader. It was even embarassing to him because Ralph, who beat him out for being the leader, wasn’t even interested in winning. Jack became obsessed in having power over the tribe that he was ready to go great lengths to get what he wanted. He made some boys on the island feel like outsiders in order to get the tribe on his side. This is an example why competition is a main reason why there was a greed to have power. A large factor in Lord of the Flies, especially in Jack, is to have too much desire to be leader. When Jack used to live back in England he went to boarding school. In those days boarding schools were not the greatest places. He had boundaries on where he could go, what he could do and who he could talk too. Virtually, everyday of his life is scheduled. Once getting n this island he was free, he was free to do whatever he wanted. Because he was being confined to such a boring and routine life he wanted more than freedom. He wanted to control the freedom of others, he wanted to be leader. In his mind he was trying to prove he was responsible and could handle it, but what he did was plain cruelty and evil. You get a big impression that Jack never wants to leave this island. This is showing you that Jack you that Jack is one of the first to lose contact with civilization, its human nature to want power but he is going mad. A major key for Ralph to have power is because he was starting to get neglected by the others. At first Ralph wasn’t to fond in being chosen to be leader but knew he had some ideas on how they could get off the island. At first everyone listened to him and they were all excited to work. Then they wanted to hunt Ralph was okay with this because they could use some meat. This was a huge mistake, all they wanted to do was hunt. Ralph held assemblies to get them under control because no one was building shelters or working on the fire, they had lost all discipline The hunters were not happy what Ralph was telling him. The hunters were starting to favor the leader of the hunters Jack, because what he was telling seemed to be much more appealing to them. Jack then saw his chance to become the leader they were all frusterated at Ralph so the hunters all got together and moved out to a secluded part of the island. Those who were left behind, including Jack, were left with next to nothing. Ralph finally realized he was the lows of the lows, he was at Piggy’s level. This made him want some recognition to get back the status he once had so he joined Ralph. Once again its human nature that if you can’t beat them you join them. Ralph joined the group knowing it was wrong and through joining even lost contact with civilization. He want the power he once had as lesder but becomes a savage through it. Leadership, human nature and the effects it has is shown throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies. How much control we have over our human can make a big difference on our personality and how we react to different confrontations. The chance of having power will come at different times in our life we must choose the time we take them.

Application of Leininger Theory Essay -- Health, Diseases, Prostate Ca

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of mortality and medical expense in men age forty and above. However, it has only recently become a topic of conversation to men in America (Plowden, 2009). African-American men are affected by prostate cancer at a disproportionate level over all other men. They are diagnosed up to 65% more frequently and the mortality rate is twice that of their Caucasian counterparts (Emerson, 2009). So why is the African-American male less likely to take advantage of prostate cancer screenings even when it is free (Oliver, 2007)? Current state of the science Today, prostate cancer is usually detected through screening, and there are two methods for early detection. The prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) is used, but there are many factors that can influence the outcome of the PSA test. Medications such as antihistamines, physical exertion or recent ejaculation can raise a PSA level (Gray, 2009). The test itself was intended for staging the presence of known prostate cancer and is less reliable when used alone (Oliver, 2007). Another test for early detection of prostate cancer has been the digital rectal exam (DRE). Although DRE is a better method for early detection, it is also a hindrance among men, particularly African-American men, to screening and early detection (Plowden, 2009). According to American Cancer Society (ACS) and American Urological Association (AUA), the PSA and DRE should be offered annually for all men beginning at age 50 (Gray, 2009). However, they also recommend that African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer should begin testing by age 45 (Plowden, 2009). However, due to the cultural barriers to prostate screening such as lack of understanding, traditions, mist... ...efits of early detection versus late discovery; provide easy access to screening and the follow-up phase of the intervention; and maintain confidentiality. Peer group discussions with professionals have shown to aid in getting better compliance (Plowden, 2009). Conclusion The African-American males’ decision making process when considering prostate cancer screening is influenced greatly by cultural mores and beliefs. These cultural beliefs often lead to a lower rate of compliance to free screening versus all other races i.e. Caucasians, etc. Leisiniger’s cultural diversity theory can be used to effectively educate and increase compliance by teaching practitioners ways to overcome these cultural barriers. By following the concepts of care, caring, and understanding feelings of self, as well as the feelings of others, it is possible to overcome cultural barriers.

A variation of the Stroop effect Essay

Abstract The effects of completing a task which requires the use of both automatic and controlled processes was investigated through a two-process experiment designed around a variation of the Stroop effect. Previous research found that, when performing certain tasks, response time is longer when an automatic process conflicts with a controlled process, in this instance reading interferes with naming the colour of ink a word is written in. These results reinforced a two-process theory of attention. In the current experiment, the nature of the words in which various colours of ink were printed was manipulated. The results further supported a two-process theory by showing that the nature of the words used did have a significant effect on response times. Introduction If we consciously perceived the vast amount of stimuli available in daily life our senses would go into overload. Our brains have a restricted capacity and we only have the brainpower to attend to a limited amount of information. The conscious cognitive process of selective attention protects us from being overwhelmed by all the sensory signals impinging on our receptors by allocating processing resources where necessary. The conscious processing of information over which we can exert control (controlled processing) requires mental effort, drawing on the limited processing resources available to us in varying degrees depending on the task at hand, and can be easily interrupted. This was the stance assumed by Kahneman (as cited in Edgar, 2007) who put forward a ‘limited-capacity’ theory suggesting a general-purpose hypothetical mental structure with an upper limit in the amount of information it can deal with at any one moment. The responsibility of this processor is to a nalyse incoming stimuli and integrating it with information already within the memory, thus implying some information cannot be processed. While this suggests the central processor divides its resource pool between competing ongoing tasks, there are instances where attention can be successfully divided under certain conditions. Through a succession  of experiments Schneider and Shiffrin (as cited in Edgar, 2007) made a distinction between controlled and what they termed ‘automatic’ processes. Such processes require little or no mental resources and occur without conscious awareness, enabling our limited resources to be directed elsewhere allowing for some tasks to be done at the same time as others, thus preceding to the development of two-process theories. While automatic processing offers speed and economy of effort is has a notable disadvantage in that it can interfere with the conscious processing of information; a phenomenon that demonstrates said drawback is that termed the ‘Stroop effect’ (as cited in Edgar, 2007), which looks at what happens when we need to attend two conflicting sign als. In an experiment participants were required to identify the colours that were used to spell out the names of other colours, as swiftly as possible (the Stroop condition). In the alternate condition, in which participants tended to execute their response with greater ease, colour-neutral words were used (e.g. rat, grand, bolt, etc.). It would seem that the ability to read forms an automatic response, which during the Stroop experiments interfered with the controlled process of naming the colour of the ink. Through a variation of the Stroop effect, the present experiment investigated further the idea that automatic processing interferes with the information a person is consciously trying to attend. Rather than using colour words (e.g. red, purple etc.) the experimental condition employed colour-related words (e.g. blood, plum etc.) printed in a colour that was incongruent with the word; the control condition contained colour-neutral words (e.g. ledge, grade etc.). The research hypothesis was that participants would take longer to complete the condition where the words were colour-related than the condition containing colour-neutral words. This is a one-tailed hypothesis. The null hypothesis was that there will be no difference in the times taken to complete the two conditions. Method Design A within-participants design was employed. The independent variable (IV) was a list of coloured words which consisted of two conditions. Condition 1 (the experimental condition) was manipulated to compose of colour-related words printed in a colour that was incongruent with the word. Condition 2 (the control condition) contained colour-neutral words. In both conditions the participant was required to say aloud the colour of the ink that each word was printed in. The dependant variable (DV) was the time taken to correctly identify the ink colour of each word within the colour-related word list. This was accurately measured to the nearest whole second by the researcher using a stopwatch. Controls were introduced to limit the effects of any possible confounding variables. To avoid possible practice effects of doing both conditions in the same order for each participant, the order in which the conditions were presented was counterbalanced. Data on odd-numbered rows of the complete data set (1, 3, 5, etc.) are from participants who did condition 1 then condition 2, whereas data on even-numbered rows (2, 4, 6, etc.) are from participants who did condition 2 then condition 1 (A copy of the complete data set can be found in Appendix 1). Each colour-related word was used five times within condition 1; to avoid causing a practice effect the number of colour-neutral words used in condition 2 was the same. The same number of words was used in both conditions (thirty). The words used in the two conditions were matched for length. The different coloured inks were exactly the same hue for both conditions and presented in the same order. The instructions given to participants in both conditions were identical. Participants Of the twenty participants that took part in this experiment, 10 were male and 10 female, aged between 18 and 69. Sixteen of these participants were recruited from personnel at The Open University, or their family members and friends. The remaining four were selected from associates of the experimenter who had no knowledge of the hypothesis or the specific research sphere; all were informed that they would be taking part in a cognitive psychological experiment involving lists of coloured words, the resulting data would be used in a report to gain university course credits and that they could withdraw at any time. Each individual signed a consent form thereby obtaining informed consent. Materials The stimuli presented in each condition (a replica of which can be found in Appendix 2) consisted of a sheet of A4 paper on which 30 words, placed in two columns, were written in various colours of ink (red, blue, green, yellow, orange and purple). In the experimental condition (condition 1) colour-related words were printed in a coloured ink that was incongruent with the word (e.g. the word ‘grass’ printed in each of the above colours excluding its natural association, green). The words used were blood, sky, grass, lemon, carrot, and plum, each word appearing five times in each of its incongruent colours. The control condition (condition 2) contained colour-neutral words (blame, ledge, grade, career, plan and sty). Each word began with the same letter as its corresponding colour-related word (e.g. ‘Blood’ and ‘Blame’) as well as being identical in the number of characters; each of the words appeared in the list five times. The words were presen ted in no specific pattern, but the same in both conditions. Participants’ response time for each condition was measured with a stopwatch and rounded to the nearest whole second. Results were recorded on a pre-prepared response sheet. Verbatim instructions were issued to each participant. Procedure Each participant was approached and asked if they would be willing to take part in an experiment that was investigating one aspect of cognitive psychology. They were informed of what participation would entail. If they agreed to take part, each participant signed a consent form (Appendix 3) and was reminded that they could withdraw at any time. The age, sex and order of conditions were then recorded on a pre-prepared response sheet before each participant was tested individually. The instructions for the experiment were read verbatim to each individual. They were told that they would be presented with two lists of words, one at a time, and that they should say out loud the colour of the ink that each word was written in as quickly as possible starting at the top left of the list working downwards and then proceed to the top of the right column. To ensure they understood what was being asked of them they were shown an example sheet; once the participant confirmed that they understood what was required of them, either condition 1 or 2 was placed face down in front of them (the order of presentation alternating between participants to avoid a possible confounding variable).  This information was also recorded on the response sheet. The paper was turned over and the stopwatch was started. When the task was complete, the time taken for each condition was recorded on the response sheet to the nearest second. The participant was then thanked, fully debriefed as to the aims of the experiment and given the opportunity to ask any questions they had. Results The research hypothesis in this experiment was that participants will take longer to complete the condition where the words were colour-related than the condition containing colour-neutral words. The time in which it took for each participant to complete the required task was measured for each condition to the nearest second. Discussion The results of the present experiment showed that it took longer to complete a task when it was required to attend to two conflicting signals at the same time indicating that automatic and controlled processes operate simultaneously. Response times in the condition where participants had to identify the colour of ink used for colour-related words were longer and therefore statistically significantly different from the condition where they had to identify colour-neutral word colours. This suggests that the process of reading interfered with participants’ ability to name the colour of ink each word was written in when the words were colour-related. Stroop (as cited in Edgar, 2007) similarly demonstrated some of the costs associated with an interaction between automatic and controlled processes through the stroop effect experiment; namely that people tended to find it more difficult to respond with the colour of the ink a word was written in if the word itself described a colour, as opposed to a colour-neutral word. Stroop used his findings as evidence for a two-process theory of attention, indicating that automatic processing interfered with the information the participants were consciously trying to attend (controlled processing). If it were so that a general-purpose central processor divided its limited resource pool between competing ongoing tasks, as suggested by Kahneman (as cited in Edgar, 2007) it could be expected that in the present experiment the response times for the two conditions would be similar in value as the participants would find neither condition more difficult than the other. However, this is not the case; on average participants did take longer to complete the experimental condition, therefore it can be assumed that they found it more difficult. This result implies that multiple pools of resources are present with regards to attention and that automatic and controlled processes operate concurrently. Numerous controls were put in place to ensure any possible confounding variables were at a minimum, however, there are factors that could contribute to these despite the practices put in place. Automatic processes can be influenced by individual strategies and so it may be that participants were able to exert extra control over their attention within the experiment. One method of doing this  would be to focus their attention on the initial letter of each word, with the aim of ignoring the word itself as much as possible, allowing for a greater available resource pool which can then be applied to the identification of ink colours. To combat this, the order in which participants completed each condition alternated, however this method has its limitations as it doesn’t guarantee the complete absence of a confounding variable. In conclusion, the results of the experiment reported here do support a two-process theory of attention. However, although the statistical results allowed for the rejection of the null hypothesis, it is possible that by performing the experiment on more than twenty participants, a greater difference in response times could be produced allowing for more solid support for the theory. Future studies conducted in this area should attempt to carry out experimental research on a larger sample of participants in order to strengthen the evidence and lessen the possibility of aforementioned confounding variables. References Edgar, G. (2007) Perception and attention. In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, & K. Thomas (Eds.), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed., pp.3-50). Milton Keynes: The Open University.

How Edgar Allan Poe’s Writings Illuminate His Upbringing Essay

My thesis statement is that Edgar Allan Poe’s writings illuminate his upbringing. His writings illuminate his upbringing because his childhood was very hard, full of darkness, and he never experienced love from a parent. Therefore he thought the world was like his life was, dark and dreary. So that is why his stories are always sad, and full of heartbreak. The writings by Edgar Alan Poe are for the most part sad, dark, dreary, and mysterious, they are just like how his life was. After the age of two Poe never had real parents only people who looked after him after his parents died. He didn’t know if his home was only temporary or if it was for good, for all he knew the people he was living with could kick him out of their house and stop supporting him. He lived his life day by day not knowing what the next day would bring or if he would have a house to live in the next day. His future was never certain, he didn’t have anything in life to look forward to, and he didn’t know where his life was leading him. Just like in his book â€Å"The Cask Of Amontillado† where Montressor leads Fortunato down a dark set of circling stairs, and Fortunato doesn’t know that Montressor is leading him to his future which is his death. That is like Poe’s life because Poe doesn’t know where his live is heading just like Fortunato doesn’t know where he is going walking those dark stairs. Everything in Poe’s future is dark and dreary, not clear as to what is going to be next for him. When Poe was younger he went to the English and Classical School which the sons of upper class families attended. Since Poe came from a relatively poor family, he didn’t feel like he fit in very well. He felt like an outcast, even though he was most likely smarter than most of the other kids he wasn’t brought up the same way. That is the same theme as in another book he wrote called â€Å"Great Expectations†, where the main character, Pip, goes through the same problems that Poe did. Pip’s parents died when he was very young and he was relatively poor. He got a job working with a very rich lady who had a daughter Pip’s age. Pip fell in love with her but he felt different because they were on two totally different social levels. Pip was poor and the lady he worked for was very rich. Also the house that Pip worked in was very dreary, and the curtains were always closed and no light was allowed in the  house except for candles. So that gives the impr ession of sadness and that is just how Poe felt like in his life. Edgar Allan Poe never got any breaks in his lifetime, everything he got he worked very hard for. Since he never got any breaks in his life he never took anything for granted, that is why his writings were always so successful. He put a lot of time and effort into his writings, and they were similar to his own life. Also, since he always had to work for everything he wanted once he was able to write a book he worked even harder so he wouldn’t lose what he had earned, and that is why his writings are still talked about today. That concludes my thesis paper, all of those proof paragraphs prove that Edgar Allan Poe’s writings illuminate his upbringing. Now that I have done research on Poe I understand why his writings are the way they are, and I think that he is probably one of the best writers ever because of everything he overcame to become a writer.

Bollywood vs. Hollywood essays

Bollywood vs. Hollywood essays When we think of the movie capital of the world we think of Hollywood, California. Actually, the worlds movie capital is in Bombay. This place is called Bollywood, which is the nickname for the Indian film industry. When comparing Hollywood and Bollywood there are more differences than similarities. We would assume that the United States produces more movies a year than anywhere else in the world. Bollywood is known to produce more than 800 films a year, when the United States produces half as many. Movies that are produced in India follow a format called masala. They are three to four hours long, where in the United States movies average about two hours in length. Other features of an Indian made movie include intermission, songs and dances, and most likely have a lot of sexual content and violence. Unlike Hollywood, Bollywoods film production center is government owned. In the United States it is common to hear of individual stars working on two or three films at once. In Bollywood it is common for an individual star to work on as many as ten films at once. Both Hollywood and Bollywood highly promote their films and stars. Bollywoods lead stars are making about forty percent of a two million dollar If asked what movies were produced in Hollywood, the list would go on forever. When asked the same about Bollywood the most common answer would be, What? What is Bollywood? American Desi, Company, and Grahan are a few movies that were released in Bollywood in 2001. The only American Blockbuster hit to ever hit the top five charts in India is Titanic. Today, it is more common to hear of Indian made films being played in American and British theaters than it is to hear of American movies being Fourteen million people go to the movies in India on a daily basis, which is much more than the United States. Due to this fact, Bollywood has ...

Institution Affiliation Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Institution Affiliation - Speech or Presentation Example Of FIFO and LIFO, which method would result in the higher pretax income? Which would result in the higher EPS? FIFO would result in higher pre-tax income because it has higher gross profit. EPS is net income divided by average outstanding shares of common stock and hence higher pre-tax income results in higher net income given taxes is fixed percentage of income. This implies that FIFO would also result in higher EPS. 3. Of FIFO and LIFO, which method would result in the lower income tax expense? Explain, assuming a 35 percent average tax rate. LIFO method would result in lower income tax expense because it has lower pretax income. Comparison Assuming that other expenses are $2000 †¢ FIFO: $9600 - $2000 = $7600 à   35% of $7600 = $2660 †¢ LIFO: $9080 - $2000 = $7080 à   35% of $7080 = $2478 4. Of FIFO and LIFO, which method would produce the more favorable cash flow? Explain. FIFO method would produce the more favourable cash flow because it has higher total ending balanc e. Problem 2: Reading Publically Available Financial Statements

Peculiar properties of multicultural education Essay

Peculiar properties of multicultural education - Essay Example Emerging from the profound social changes of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s, multicultural education is an attempt to mime the plurality of cultural diversity in the context of education (Stone Henley 1999). Sleeter (1996) is cited by Stone Henley (1999) as describing five approaches to multicultural education: teaching the culturally different, human relations, single group studies, multicultural education and social reconstructionist approaches. These approaches emphasize raising the academic achievement of cultural minorities through culturally relevant instruction, teaching commonalities and promoting understanding of cultural differences, addressing the subject of minority groups, promoting change of the educational system to reflect plurality or encouraging and enabling students to become agents for social change towards a more equitable society. Some common misconceptions about multicultural education are dispelled by Aldridge, Calhoun & Aman (2000) who advocate integration of multicultural concepts throughout the curriculum. They warn against the erroneous assumption that people from the same region, or those who speak the same language automatically share the same culture. They point out that even people from the same cultural group may embrace different values and ways of living culture: mainstream, bicultural, culturally different, or marginal. Other myths debunked by their paper were the idea that multicultural education is divisive, superfluous, a threat to commonality or historical accuracy, or already sufficiently established. Multicultural education could address cultural differences and cultural bias in an educational setting in several ways. Of particular interest was the fact that Aldridge et al. (2000) recommend starting multicultural interventions at kindergarten level instead of waiting until children are older, as some educators advocate. They quote the following passage from Lynch and Hanson (1998) maintaining that "cultural understanding in one's first culture occurs early and is typically established by age 5" and add, "children learn new cultural patterns more easily than adults." This is particularly interesting for kindergarten and first grade teachers. The good news is that there are a multitude of resources available on the topic (Aldridge et al 2000). Indigenous peoples and ethnic groups want their culture reflected in school curricula (Banks 2004). But instead of confining certain groups to certain seasons like Black History in February, or Native American themes near Thanksgiving in a tour and detour fashion (Aldridge et al 2000), Banks (2004) advocates the application of the concept of multicultural literacy and global education to help students understand how the world works. He recommends that teachers promote a balance of cultural, national and global identities and stresses that self-acceptance is key as "strong, positive and clarified cultural identifications and attachments are a prerequisite to cosmopolitan beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. C. Conclusion When I first started this assignment, I had very vague preconceptions about the meaning of multicultural education. I imagined myself as a man from Iran who would teach my kindergarten or first grade class in my present cultural context. It was interesting to put myself