Balck Death in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Balck Death in England - Essay Example The Yersinia Pestis microorganisms activated England’s rendition of the Black Death. The bugs were the affirmed bearers of the savage microscopic organisms. The bugs appended themselves on the collections of rodents. The bugs sucked the blood of the rodents. The Black Death pandemic arrived at the shores of England during a couple of years before 1350.4 Besides, the Black Death pandemic is known as the bubonic plague. The pandemic initially originated from China. The voyagers utilizing the exchange courses from China to England conveyed the plague. A portion of the bug pervaded rodents holed up behind grain sacks and different items shipped through the exchange courses from China ot England.5 Since isolate was not yet set up, England couldn't identify whether people entering England were tainted with the Black Death (Bubonic Plague). Since clinical science didn't have sufficient information on the most proficient method to spot, inoculate, or slaughter the fatal microbes, more individuals kicked the bucket from social insurance ignorance.6 The microorganisms tainted insects conveying the destructive microscopic organisms rode on the rat’s body. The rodents lived inside the openings of the people’s homes. Subsequently, the bugs had the option to nibble the human residents7. At the point when the insects sucked the human residents’ blood, the microscopic organisms entered human casualties. Inside the human host, the microscopic organisms promptly held up itself in the human’s lymphatic framework. Inside the framework, the microscopic organisms begin to increment in amount. They expanded microscopic organisms group’s growing was delegated buboes. This was the way the bubonic plague recognizable proof was created. Following a few days in the lymphatic framework, the expanded microscopic organisms populace assaults the human victims’ blood. Next, the microscopic organisms contaminate the human victims’ spleen. Further, the microscopic organisms attack the human victimsâ€℠¢ spleen. At long last, the casualties surrender to the mind-boggling contamination. Demise is inevitable.8 The Black Death set off a decrease on the England populace. An expected 50% of the

Witch Hunts Salem And McCarthyism Essays - Culture, Religion

Witch Hunts: Salem and McCarthyism Envision what it resembles to be marked a Communist for the insignificant actuality that you happened to brandish a goatee? It occurred in the 1950's McCarthyism time frame! Doesn't this sound peculiarly like the Salem witch-chases? Superbly typical individuals blamed for being witches since they were seen moving peculiarly in the forested areas. McCarthyism and the Salem witch-chases were the two endeavors by eager for power individuals to lessen their opposition with no solid proof. The reasons for the Salem black magic path and McCarthyism were silly feelings of trepidation that black magic and socialism would penetrate society if exceptional measures were not taken. When that black magic may truly be going on began, the conduct of ordinary residents was available to doubt of black magic. In like manner, the genuine dread of a Communist take-over had Americans in the 1950's so startled, some really accepted that there neighbors may be spies since McCarthy was planting this doubt so firmly into their brains. When the madness started, it snowballed crazy. In the Salem witch chases two little youngsters, Betty Paris and Abigail Williams, were showing peculiar conduct and were analyzed to have been moved by the hand of the villain. When constrained to uncover the witch or witches who had caused this, the little youngsters named a few pariahs of society. These denounced witches were liable until they demonstrate their honesty. Many were tormented until they admitted they were in certainty witches so they didn't need to persevere through any more torment. A rare sorts of people who conceded their blame were saved, while the rest were immediately executed. These admissions turned into the confirmation of the presence of witches. The insanity of McCarthyism started when Senator Joseph McCarthy handled a progression of profoundly announced examinations that expected to present Communists in the State Department and Hollywood. McCarthy in the long run let his Red Scare gain out of power and said the U.S. Armed force was covering outside undercover work exercises. His allegations contained little proof and McCarthy inevitably fell into disgrace. The Witch-chases of Salem brought about the execution of 20 people. Individuals blamed for black magic were viewed as liable until demonstrated honest, and tests were formulated to recognize the liable. The individuals who finished the slippery assessments were viewed as witches and put to death. In the end, the frenzy finished yet not before the killing of twenty blameless individuals. The McCarthy Communism alarm turned extremely negitive toward Senator McCarthy when the hearings to examine whether the secretary of the Army was not coordinating to reveal Communists in the U.S. military. These hearings were given a lot of media inclusion and that did a lot to end the counter Communist witch-chase drove by McCarthy. A goals of rebuff against McCarthy was before long presented in the Senate. On December 2, 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy was denounced in a vote of an extraordinary meeting of the U.S. Senate for his direct in Senate boards. List of sources Works Cited Garraty, John A. The Rise of McCarthyism. The Story of America. Cincinnati, OH: Pantheon Books, 1990: 458-459. McCarthy, Joseph Raymond. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. New York, NY: Distributing, Inc., 1999. Compact disc ROM The Salem Witch Trails 1692. 27 August 1997. (14 October 1999).

Official SAT Practice - now available for free exclusively on Khan Academy

Official SAT Practice - now available for free exclusively on Khan Academy Last spring we announced a partnership with the College Board to create free, world-class practice tools for the new SAT (exams begin March 2016). Today we’re excited to unveil Official SAT Practice on KhanAcademy.orgâ€"making personalized SAT practice available to all students for the first time ever.We’ve worked directly with the writers of the SAT to make sure that Official SAT Practice mirrors the actual test as closely as possible. In addition to thousands of practice questions created in partnership with the College Board, you’ll find:- Detailed information about the redesigned SAT, including explanations of each section of the test-  Video lessons and reference articles to help you practice and review the skills tested on the SAT-  Short diagnostic quizzes to help you identify the skills you should focus on-  Personalized practice recommendations to make the biggest impact on your performance-  Four official full-length practice tests written by the College Board-  Insta nt feedback on your answers so that you’re always learning and seeing your progress-  Study tips and suggestions for test day.In the months ahead, we’re excited to continue our work with the College Board to help level the playing field for all students who want to take the SAT and go to college. We’re also looking forward to receiving lots of feedback from students, parents, and teachers so that we can make our practice tools even better and more personalized for the fall.Want to learn more? Check out Official SAT Practice, and don’t forget to let us know what you think in the comments below!Press release available  here.

Health Reform An Integral Part Of Economic Recovery

Health reform constitutes our most important domestic priority and is an integral part of economic recovery. Since 2000, health insurance premiums have almost doubled, growing three times faster than wages. This means foregone opportunities for chronic disease management and prevention. As the American economy continues to transform, it is expected that fewer and fewer employers will offer coverage. From 2003 to 2007, the number of â€Å"under-insured† families – those who pay for coverage but are unprotected against high costs – rose by 60 percent. We have by far the most expensive health system in the world. We spend 50 percent more per person than the average developed country -- spending more on health care than housing or food.†¦show more content†¦A 21st century strategy for health reform in the United States must harness the commitment of all Americans and the power and resources of all sectors of society. It must involve both social and pe rsonal responsibility to achieve a healthier United States. All Americans should be able to live in communities in which they can achieve the best of health and well-being, receive high quality, effective, and compassionate care when it is needed, and be protected from economic hardship due to medical expenses. Now is the time for individuals, families, schools, businesses, health care providers, scientists, foundations, and the government to work together to move our nation and world towards a healthier, more secure and prosperous future (Blumenthal Cortese, 2011). For that reason, the following initiatives should go into the planning and designing of our 21st century healthcare systems. First, ensuring public health agencies are able to receive and share information with healthcare professionals by using certified electronic health record (EHR) technology. EHRs can improve public and population health outcomes. By efficiently collecting data in a form that can be shared acro ss multiple health care organizations and leveraged for quality improvement and prevention activities. By making it easier for organizations to collect standardized, systematic data will improve reporting capabilities. With more and better data

Starbucks and Types of Ownerships - 989 Words

Most companies have different types of ownerships; from being a sole proprietor to having a partnership. Starbucks has a legal entity, distinct from any individual persons, with the power to own property and conduct business, also known as a Corporation. From becoming a Corporation, Starbucks has setbacks, but they also have benefits. Starbucks plays a big role in the growth of the United States and many other countries. The transportation options were made possible by railways, commercial airplanes, and mass-produced cars and trucks. They had the ability to pull money by selling shares of stock to outside investors; for example, when they licensed themselves out to Target or Barns and Noble. However, investors can easily and quickly†¦show more content†¦Imagination, passion, a clear vision are some of Schultz ingredients for success. From a poor boy living on the poorest neighborhoods in New York to the owner of a multibillion company Schultz trained for success. (Ogden)He used the same principles as to when he was an athlete he never gave up instead he tackled the situation with an attitude of endurance and stayed focused to overcome any situation. Schultz had a vision of creating an Italian Cafà © experience here in the United States. His vision led him to launch his own Italian cafà ©. This was the beginning of something big. He built a brand, by focusing on the total experience of the Starbucks customer. Schultz has made people his priority; by meeting employee’s expectations in return he has built a loyal more dedicated workforce, resulting in higher levels of customer service. â€Å"Our mission statement about treating people with respect and dignity is not just words but a creed we live by every day,† says Schultz (Ogden) Another key element to his success was his ability of recognizing his strengths and weaknesses. He knew he wasn’t going to do it all by himself instead he recruit others that share the same vision and values and that brought different strengths to the mix. Till this day is something he fosters and attributes to his success. WithoutShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management at Starbucks Coffee1854 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Management at Starbucks Coffee: Grinding Away at the Logistics Problems Brewing Company Issues and Concerns With a supply and distribution network that is truly global in scope at both ends deriving raw materials (i.e. coffee beans and other basic materials) globally and with a vast international retail empire supply chain management is without question an area of major concern for Starbucks. Clearly the company has been successful in its management thus far, having grown enormouslyRead MoreCafe Coffee Day ( Ccd )1656 Words   |  7 Pagesmachines throughout the country. 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The StarbucksRead MoreDoes the External Environment Determine the Success or Failure of an Organization?1428 Words   |  6 Pagessociocultural environment, technological environment and demographic environment. Background Information Starbucks is a famous recognized company selling coffee and food. In 1980s, Starbucks maximized market in coffee and has become the leading seller in North America. In 1971, it started running business in Seattle and grown from 55 stores in 1989 to now 2200 today. According to Schultz (1997), Starbucks founders learned to darkly roast Arabica beans from Alfred Peet introducing this technique to the URead MoreDoes the External Environment Determine the Success or Failure of an Organization?1418 Words   |  6 Pagessociocultural environment, technological environment and demographic environment. Background Information Starbucks is a famous recognized company selling coffee and food. In 1980s, Starbucks maximized market in coffee and has become the leading seller in North America. In 1971, it started running business in Seattle and grown from 55 stores in 1989 to now 2200 today. According to Schultz (1997), Starbucks founders learned to darkly roast Arabica beans from Alfred Peet introducing this technique to the U

The Identification of Bambusa Sp Free Essays

The identification of Bamboo using various PCR and Sequencing Techniques Abstract Often the incorrect bamboo species is sold to unsuspecting customers at shops. This can have a disastrous effect on their garden. Three separate and unknown Bamboo leaf samples were taken and were required to be distinguished genetically from one another. We will write a custom essay sample on The Identification of Bambusa Sp or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using ITS-PCR DNA amplification techniques, the ITS region DNA was amplified and used in PCR-RFLP and RAPD PCR in order to determine the genetic identity of each sample. Sequencing was performed, and results allowed us to distinguish between samples (to a certain extent. ) Introduction Bamboos are a group of woody perennial green plants (Wikipedia et al. 2006) that are found in many parts of the world. There are 91 genera and about 1,000 species of bamboo (Wikipedia et al. 2006). They are found in diverse climates, from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. Bamboo is a highly desirable plant grown for many reasons in plantations and gardens around the world. Many reasons it is grown are that it is a beautiful ornamental plant with unique properties. Bamboo is also an extremely strong plant that is light; it is used in many building applications for floorboards, and is also often used in furniture making. There are a number of taller growing species that are effective at blocking out the eyes of pepping toms and nosy neighbors. There are two main forms of bamboo, each form describing the way in which the bamboo itself spreads. These are known as â€Å"clumping† (monopodial) and â€Å"running† (sympodial) forms. (Wikipedia et al. 2006) Clumping bamboo species tend to spread underground slowly. Running bamboo species are highly variable in their tendency to spread; this is related to both the species and the soil and climate conditions. Some can send out runners several metres a year, while others can stay in the same general area for long periods. If neglected, they can be invasive over time and can cause problems by moving into adjacent areas. The reputation of bamboo as being highly invasive is often exaggerated, and situations where it has taken over large areas is often the result of years of untended or neglected plantings. Many invasive bamboo species are often sold, unsuspectingly to people, who plant them without realizing this. The result of this is the complete takeover of ones garden. Some species of bamboo can grow at a tremendous rate, some at over 36inches (90cm) a day, providing it is provided with ideal conditions (OneEarth, 2006). Plant Biosecurity breaches often occur when bamboo plants are imported with incorrect or false labeling, often in an attempt to bring illegal ornamental species in to the country for indoor use. This ‘black market’ operation is a serious threat to native species of plants, and, if a threatening sympodial bamboo species is imported and planted in place of a monopodial (which is preferred, as they do not spread), serious damage to native forests and grasslands can occur (NGIA, 2006). Some of the techniques that can be used to identify to a species level are PCR-ITS, RAPD, and PCR-RFLP. These will be used to identify our unknown samples of bamboo. Aim To identify, to a species level, using nucleotide analysis and sequencing techniques, three unknown samples of bamboo. Materials For DNA extraction 3 Unknown Bamboo Samples (Leaves) Mortar and Pestle Liquid Nitrogen Quiagen ‘Dneasy’ DNA Extraction Kit Centrifuge tubes Pipettes and Tips Ice and Esky Quantification of DNA Well Combs (10uL) Wells UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips For ITS based PCR 5uL of extracted DNA 5x Reaction buffer MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) DNTP’s (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP) PCR Machine MgCl2 Centrifuge Tubes Pipettes and Tips For RAPD-PCR ITS-PCR DNA product 5x Reaction buffer MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) MgCl2 Primers OPM-01 and OPM-17 Wells Well Combs (10uL) UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips For ITS-RFLP ITS-PCR DNA product Enzymes Hha1 and Rsa1 Buffer Red (Rsa1) Buffer C (Hha1) MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) Wells Well Combs (10uL) UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips Methods DNA Extraction and Purification – Quiagen Dneasy Kit ITS-RFLP ITS Region is a particular sequence of DNA which is present in all organisms. It is a region, in between each common sequence, contains DNA that is highly conserved and unique amongst a particular species, and is thus not used to translate into proteins. Enzymes are used to restrict or cut the DNA at certain points. The location of the cuts depends on nucleotide sequence that the enzyme recognizes. The number of nucleotides in sequence determines size of the restricted piece of DNA in base pairs (BP). ITS-PCR This is done to amplify the ITS region DNA which is highly conserved and unique to each individual species Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 are used because the ITS region (18s, 5. 8s and 28s regions) are common in all organisms. The region in between the 18s and 28s is the region that is highly conserved and unique to any given species. Added to Master Mix (containing buffer solution) PCR’d ITS Region DNA is amplified out RAPD RAPD Primers OPM-01 and OPM-17 are added to the ITS-PCR DNA product and where are given a genetic fingerprint of the DNA. HOW, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE, WHO? What was done? Sufficient detail for repetition by others Results (facts only) (2) HOW, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE? What was found? Presentation of results as simply and clearly as possible Figures to present data and concepts clearly and concisely (a picture is worth 1000 words) Types of figures: photographs, drawings, tables, graphs Numerical data as tables or graphs (graphs preferred) Text to point out trends (not repeat information in figures) Discussion (3) WHY, WHAT, WHO? What does it mean? Interpretation of results relative to the hypothesis or aim Comparison with work of others References (6) WHO? List of all references cited in text http://www. bonsai-bci. com/species/bamboo. html Sabrina Caine Last modified accessed 01/06/06 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bamboo wikipedia last modified 27/05/06 accessed 01/06/06 http://www. 1earth. com. au/collect/wicker_furniture. html last modified 27/05/06 accessed 01/06/06 1Earth Antiques and Appraisals http://www. ngia. co. nz/news/507bamboo. php Nursing and Garden Industry Association (NGIA) Wellington, New Zealand Accessed 01/06/06 Updated How to cite The Identification of Bambusa Sp, Essay examples

Miracle Gro Lab Report Sample

Miracle Gro Lab Report Paper Two days after planting, my group measured the seed with the greatest rate of growth: 0% exhibited 2. 5 CM of growth, 1. 25% had 0. 9 CM, 2. 5% showed 1. 2 CM, 3. 75% displayed 0. 8 CM, and 5% had 0. CM of growth. As evidenced by the data collected, the height of the sprout decreases as the percent of concentration increases. We checked the growth of our mug bean seeds a second time and we observed the results: 0% exhibited 15 CM of growth showing signs of growth through its stalk, roots, and leaves. The 125% and 2. % both grew 2 CM and began sprouting a stalk. The 3. 75% and 5% turned dark brown and appeared to have shrunk which are signs that the seeds embryo is dead. The data did not match our expected data, because the Miracle Grog had some way prevented the inhibition of the seed which is why the 3. 75% and 5% died. Inhibition is a critical developmental process in seeds and our control group with only water demonstrated the most successful amount of growth. We experienced a number of errors in our experiment. Sources of error were unman interaction, inaccurate measurements, and incorrectly handling the seeds and materials. In the future, these problems can be avoided by interfering with the plastic bags that contained the seeds, adding the most accurate amount of solute as possible, or making sure that we dont crush the seeds or the towel that was inserted in the bag. Ideas for future experimentation would be to plant the seeds outside so that the sun would be used as the light source, testing different plant-growing solutions, and analyze the growth over a longer period of mime. We will write a custom essay sample on Miracle Gro Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Miracle Gro Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Miracle Gro Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Overall, the seeds without the Miracle Grog proved to grow greater than those with added Miracle Grog. Compared to the varying concentrations, the height of growth increased as the percentage of concentration decreased. To apply this experiment to real life, average planters or farmers could be able to grow their plants without any added growth supplements and itd prove to grow sufficiently, due to the fact that the controlled experiment contained the healthiest growth.

Importance of Values in Organizations Essays

Importance of Values in Organizations Essays Importance of Values in Organizations Essay Importance of Values in Organizations Essay Your values are the core of what your organization is and what your organization cherishes. Values are beliefs that manifest in how an employee interacts in a workplace. Values represent an employees most significant commitments to what he or she finds most important in life. (Values are also known as core values and as governing values; they all refer to the same sentiment. ) Value statements are developed from your values and define how people want to behave with each other in the organization. Your value statements provide a measuring device against which you evaluate all of your actions and behaviors. Your value statements give words and meaning to the values that you decide to live by daily. Value statements are declarations about how the organization will value customers, suppliers, and the internal community. Value statements describe actions that are the living enactment of the fundamental values held by most individuals within the organization. The values of each of the individuals in your workplace, along with their experiences, upbringing, and so on, meld together to form your corporate culture. The values of your senior leaders are especially important in the development of your culture. These leaders have a lot of power in your organization to set the course and establish the quality of the environment for people. Your leaders have selected employees who they believe have congruent values and fit your workplace culture. The Impact of Your Personal Values If you think about your own life, your values form the cornerstones for all that you do, think, believe, and accomplish. Your personal values define where you spend your time, if you are truly living your values. Each of you makes choices in life according to your most important four – ten values. Why not take the time to identify what is most important to you and to your organization? Identify and live your values. Manifest your values through value statements. Why Identify and Establish Values? Effective organizations identify and develop a clear, concise and shared meaning of values/beliefs, priorities, and direction so that every employee understands and can contribute. Once defined, values impact every aspect of your organization. You must support and nurture the impact of these values and value statements or identifying values will have been a wasted exercise. Employees will feel fooled and misled unless they see the impact of the values and value statements within your organization. Create Impact Through Values and Value Statements If you want the values you identify and the value statements you craft to have an impact within your organization, the following must occur. * Employees must demonstrate and model these values in action in their personal work behaviors, decision making, contribution, and interpersonal interaction. * Organizational values help each person establish priorities in their daily work life. Priorities and actions must be grounded in the organizations values and model the value statements identified for each employees job. * Values guide every decision that is made once the organization has cooperatively created the values and the value statements. * Rewards and recognition within the organization are structured to recognize those people whose work embodies the values and the value statements that the organization identified and embraced. * Organizational goals are grounded in the identified values. Employees have identified how their goals and actions are congruent with and demonstrate the values daily. * Adoption of the values and the behaviors that result is recognized in regular performance feedback. * People hire and promote individuals whose outlook and actions are congruent with the organizations values. Only the active participation of all members of the organization, plus the development of the systems and processes of the organization grounded in the companys values, will ensure a truly organization-wide, value-based, shared culture. Sample Values The following are examples of values: ambition, competency, individuality, equality, integrity, service, responsibility, accuracy, respect, dedication, diversity, improvement, enjoyment/fun, loyalty, credibility, honesty, innovativeness, teamwork, excellence, accountability, empowerment, quality, efficiency, dignity, collaboration, stewardship, empathy, accomplishment, courage, wisdom, independence, security, challenge, influence, learning, compassion, friendliness, discipline/order, generosity, persistence, optimism, dependability, flexibility. Although important aspects of your life and deserving of your attention, these are not values: family, church, professionalism. If you define what you value about each of these, then you are identifying the core value. For example, the core value in family might be close relationships; in church, spirituality; and in professionalism, demonstrating integrity in everything you do. Use this additional list of values as a thought-starter for your values identification process. Businesses have two types of environments: internal and external. Each serve a different purpose in the business world but also have the potential to directly impact and influence employees in the workplace. By understanding what external environments are, we can discover how and why they influence employee behavior. ? External Environment * A businesss external environment consists of elements and variables that exist outside of an organizations structure but can still impact the organizations practices, processes, operations and, of course, their employees. External environments include, but are not limited to, economical, technological, environmental and stakeholder variables. These are the most general types of external environments. However, depending on the nature of the business, there may be other types of external environments that the organization identifies through environmental scanning techniques. Economic Effects on Employees * The reason employees can be influenced by the external economical environment is because these elements have a direct impact on a businesss operations and ability to perform. In turn, it can affect how an organization manages their employees. According to the International Development Research Centre, economic environments can impact an organizations willingness to continue with projects. Things such as inflation and labor laws can hinder organizational growth, thereby affecting employee morale, motivation and commitment. * Sponsored Links * Develop self-confidence using the Latest mind tools with NLP International life coaches nlptrainingmasters. com/self-development Technological Effects on Employees * It is important to understand the relationship that technology has on a businesss ability to operate effectively and efficiently. Technological advances in the external environment can have a positive effect on employees. Newer, progressive technology can create easier work environments that make employees jobs more efficient. As a result, employee behavior may be positively influenced. But technology can also serve as a threat to businesses, depending on the industry. If technological advances pose a risk to a company, the effect it has on employee behavior will most likely be negative, as employees may respond with fear and anxiety. Social Effects on Employees * According to the Institutional Assessment, Charles Lusthaus, Gary Anderson and Elaine Murphy contend that social forces have profound influence on employee behavior. What happens in the social external environment can affect how employees feel toward their jobs, how motivated they are to perform and produce and what they value. Social stressors can induce negative employee behaviors, even if employees do not feel negatively about their work. But the opposite is also true. If employees are satisfied with the social environment, they may be more apt to perform and produce in the workplace. Stakeholder Effects on Employees * The International Development Research Centre contends that most institutions and businesses are dependent for their survival on various groups of stakeholders. The stakeholder environment consists of people and organizations that are external to the business, but are directly concerned with the organization and its performance. They have a personal interest, and oftentimes an investment, in the organization, which drives their involvement. The reason stakeholders can influence employee behavior is because stakeholders can impact where a business goes, what the budgets are, what the funding can be used for and other types of operational controls. This type of control can be discouraging for employees, especially if their salaries are affected by stakeholder decisions or if there are layoffs or organizational restructuring. To effectively sell a product or service, organizations have to know how consumers behave with regard to what they buy. The study of consumer behavior involves examining what products certain types of consumers buy and when and how consumers decide among products. As a small business owner, understanding how your customers buy your products and services will help you grow your business by responding to their needs. Marketing Organizations often study consumer behavior to determine when, how and where they should market their products and services. For example, if you know people tend to choose office supplies by familiar brands, you are going to try to make your office supply brand a household name, creating commercials, social media pages and promotions for your product. However, if you are selling textbooks that only graduate students buy, you probably wont spend as much time with commercials and will focus more time hanging posters in graduate schools and becoming Facebook friends with graduate programs. Product Development Consumer behavior helps organizations decide what products and services to manufacture or offer. When they know what customers buy and how they go about buying those products, organizations can more easily spot a need that has not yet been satisfied. If you run a technology company and notice that many of your customers buy educational software from college bookstores in early fall and spring, you may recognize that your customers could use a place to buy and automatically download educational software online. According to the Harvard Business Review, most organizations must learn as much as they can about consumers and what types of products they purchase to come up with a winning idea. Customer Service When you know how customers behave in relation to the products youre selling, you have a better understanding of how to provide good service to them, increasing the chance that youll have repeat customers. For example, if you know that customers tend to come to your restaurant because they can get healthy food without waiting for a long time, you should continue training your wait staff to be as efficient as possible. Gathering Consumer Behavior Data Gather some consumer behavior data by simply analyzing the sales information you already have. For example, you can see whether most of your products are purchased with cash or credit card. If you have a clock on your register, you know when people tend to shop in your store. However, you shouldnt limit yourself to this information. The most valuable information comes from in-depth answers from your consumers about their spending. Focus groups, surveys and one-on-one interviews are good ways to get information about consumer behavior. Encourage consumers to participate in these methods by offering rewards, such as a contest entry or discount, for survey completion or focus group participation.

About the Supplemental Security Income Program - SSI

About the Supplemental Security Income Program - SSI Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal government benefit program providing cash to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter to persons who are blind or otherwise disabled and have little or no other income. Monthly SSI benefits are paid to persons with limited income and resources who are disabled, blind, or age 65 or older. Blind or disabled children, as well as adults, can qualify to get SSI benefits. How SSI is Different From Retirement Benefits While the SSI program is administered by the Social Security Administration, the way in which SSI benefits are administered is very different from how Social Security retirement benefits are paid. SSI benefits do not require and are not based on the recipients prior work or a family members prior work. In other words, no current or prior employment is required to qualify for SSI benefits. Unlike Social Security benefits, SSI benefits are funded by general funds from the U.S. Treasury generated by income taxes paid be individuals and corporations. Social Security taxes withheld from workers paychecks under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) do not help fund the SSI program. Total SSI funding, along with maximum monthly amounts to be paid to SSI recipients, are set annually by Congress as part of the federal budget process. SSI recipients in most states can also have their benefits supplemented by Medicaid to help pay for doctor bills, prescriptions and other health care costs. SSI beneficiaries may also be eligible for food stamps in every state except California. In some states, an application for SSI benefits also serves as an application for food stamps. Who is Eligible for SSI Benefits Anyone who is: aged (age 65 or older);blind or disabled. And, who: has limited income; andhas limited resources; andis a U.S. citizen or national, or in one of certain categories of aliens; andis not absent from the country for a full calendar month or for 30 consecutive days or more; andis not confined to an institution (such as a hospital or prison) at the governments expense; andapplies for any other cash benefits or payments for which he or she may be eligible, (for example, pensions, Social Security benefits); andgives SSA permission to contact any financial institution and request any financial records about you; andfiles an application; andmeets certain other requirements. What Does  Ã¢â‚¬ËœLimited Income’ Include? For purposes of determining SSI eligibility, Social Security counts the following as income: money you earn from work;money you receive from other sources, such as Social Security benefits, workers compensation, unemployment benefits, the Department of Veterans Affairs, friends or relatives; andfree food or shelter. What  Are ‘Limited Resources’? For purposes of determining SSI eligibility, Social Security counts the following as limited resources: cash;bank accounts, stocks, U.S. savings bonds;land and real estate;vehicles;personal property;life insurance; andanything else you own that could be converted to cash and used for food or shelter. NOTE: For complete details on the SSI program, including qualifications and how to apply for benefits, see the  Understanding Supplemental Security Income home page on the SSA website.   SSI Payment Details Amounts of SSI benefit payments are set annually by Congress and are typically adjusted every January to reflect the current cost of living.  Maximum (SSI) payment amounts increase with the cost-of-living increases (COLA) that apply to Social Security retirement benefits. Some states provide supplemental SSI benefits. SSI benefit payments are not taxable. Possible Benefit Reductions Exact benefit amounts paid to individual SSI recipients may be less than the maximum depending on non-SSI income, like wages and other Social Security benefits. Persons living in their own home, in the home of another person, or in a Medicaid-approved nursing home may also have their SSI payments reduced accordingly. The monthly amount is reduced by subtracting monthly countable income. In the case of an eligible individual with an eligible spouse, the amount payable is further divided equally between the two spouses.   Updated current maximum and average SSI payment amounts can be found on the SSI Statistics web site. SSI Work Incentive Programs Helping people with disabilities achieve independence by taking advantage of employment opportunities is one of the Social Security Administration’s highest priorities. SSI’s work incentive programs help disabled and blind SSI recipients to continue to work while minimizing the risk of losing their SSI or Medicaid benefits. Certain work incentive programs allow SSI recipients to exempt some of their work income from their list of resources. Others allow SSI recipients to continue to receive Medicaid coverage even though they are not receiving monthly SSI cash benefits. SSI recipients may be eligible to take advantage of more than one work incentive program. As with Social Security retirement benefits, working can reduce the amount of the recipient’s SSI benefit payments. Complete information on SSI work incentive opportunities can be found in the SSA’s â€Å"The Red Book - A Guide to Work Incentives.†

Transgenic plants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transgenic plants - Essay Example ique was to create disease resistant specie by making forced hybridization between distinct plant species through in-vitro technique such as protoplast fission or embryo rescue (Wikipedia, 2009). In the process of transgenic plants development, DNA plays the most vital role. The genetic information remains encoded in DNA through certain specific sequence of four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine). The whole process can be well expressed with the help of the diagram given below: Hence, from the diagram it is clear that at first the DNA gets converted to mRNA through transcription and then by the process of translation it gets converted into protein. This protein acts as a bio-catalyst and can accelerate other biochemical reactions or it can turn to storage unit of a cell and contribute in formation of a trait of the plant. As discussed above, transgenic plant is the product of DNA transfer and hence, there are two main methods of transforming plants cell and tissues. It can be performed either by â€Å"Gene Gun† method, which is more common in monocot species, or through â€Å"Agrobacterium† method, that has been successfully used in the dicot species. (Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 2004). The traditional process of transgenic plant development is still controversial as evidences indicate that this technique was in use from many years for developing different variety of food crop which were resistant to many devastating diseases. In 1930, a variety of wheat called â€Å"Hope† was developed by E. S. McFadden which was resistant to â€Å"rusts†. It was found that natural movement of genes commonly occurs due to transposons and retrotransposons (mobile genetic elements). They assist in natural translocation of the genes in the genome and thus, lead to the formation of a new species. This is a natural process for formation of transgenic plants and these natural mobile genetic elements have been used by many researchers in their laboratory work

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS-SEEN EXAM Coursework

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS-SEEN EXAM - Coursework Example 2. By using or combining several time series of cross section observations, panel data provide â€Å"more informative data, more variability, less collinearity among variables, more degrees of freedom and efficiency† as per Baltagi’s discussion (1995, p. 3-6). 3. Panel data are able to study better the dynamics of change because the panel data technique is able to cover repeated cross section of observation across time. Thus, panel data is believed to more appropriate than either of the two methods (cross section and time series analysis) in the study of situations like successive waves of minimum wage increases across localities and local minimum wages and over time 4. Panel data can detect and measure effects better than what purely time series and cross-section data can do. 5. Panel data are able to study complicated behavioural models like economies of scale and technical change---better than what pure time series and pure cross-section analysis can do. For example, panel data can study the interaction of the variables involved over time, which cannot be done by pure time series data. 6. By covering more units over time, panel data can minimize the biases that may result as data are aggregated. In 1995, Baltagi pointed out that time series and cross-section studies were not controlling for heterogeneity and run the risk of obtaining biased results (p. 3). For example, Baltagi (1995, p. 3) cited for example that consumption of cigarettes is often modelled as a function of lagged consumption, price, and income but the specification of the same function can vary across countries, state, and time. Baltagi 1995, p. 4) added that panel data are able to control for location specific and time invariant variables while a time-series study or a cross-section study cannot at that time. As panel data can cover heterogeneity, Baltagi (1995, p. 4), not accounting for country heterogeneity can cause serious specification error. In addition, Baltagi (1995, p. 4) said that panel data are able to study the dynamics of adjustment. Meanwhile, Verbeek (2008, p. 655) said that the main advantage of panel data over either time series or cross-section analysis is that through panel data, economists are able to specify more complicated and realistic models than a single time series or cross-section data can do. (b) Explain the intuition behind the fixed effect model (FEM) and describe the least square dummy variable (LSDV) and the time demeaned approaches to estimating a FEM. [30 Marks] Verbeek (2008, p. 359) defined the fixed effects model as simply a regression model in which the intercept terms vary over the individual units. Gujarati (2004, p. 642) pointed out that the main intuition behind the fixed effect model or FEM is that although the intercept may differ across individual elements, each specific intercept does not change over time or is time invariant. The methods for estimating the fixed effects model (FEM) are the least square dummy variable (LSDV) and the time demeaned approaches towards estimating the FEM. In the LSDV method, the main instruments for capturing the fixed effects are dummy variables. The time demeaned variable approach to FEM modelling, reconstruct the basic model yit = ? + ?xit + uit as departures of a variable from its mean over time or yit - i ?(xit - i ) + ( uit - )i) where the values with bars denote the time mean of the said variable (Brooks

SWOT Analysis Carvel Corporation

SWOT Analysis Carvel Corporation 1) Analysing Your Business The basic design school model most closely associated with the name of Andrews is a prescriptive conception. It is intended as a practical guide for dealing with a complex environment in which there are external as well as internal contexts relevant to the enterprise. The approach is best encapsulated in the SWOT model (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats), probably the most commonly applied method in strategy making. It is often reproduced in à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow charts which separate out the key steps in strategy making. SWOT analysis is a technique specifically designed to help with the identification of suitable business strategies for an organization to follow. It involves specifying and relating together organizational strengths and weaknesses and environmental opportunities and threats. In practice this is often an activity that is not carried out well. It is all too easy, having identified all the important points, not to know what to do with the data generated. Many organizations evaluate opportunities utilizing an analysis framework referred to as a SWOT. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats. The ultimate goal of a SWOT analysis includes, on one hand, the matching of vital operational strengths with major environmental opportunities. On the other hand, it provides a basis for improving weaknesses or at least minimizing them and avoiding or managing environmental threats to operations. Ideally, a SWOT study helps identify a distinctive competence, something the organization does exceptionally well. There is one format for evaluating internal strengths and weaknesses in light of external opportunities by considering the application of major organizational resources. Each factor-capacity, personnel, marketing, finance, and management-is rated in relation to an opportunity on a quantitative basis. This approach is used to analyze resources as strengths or weaknesses in relation to opportunities in the organiza tions environment. For each strength and weakness identified, strategy implications are drawn. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses flows logically from the identification of the resources relative to the opportunity. From the information gathered from the external analysis, we seek to establish which influences represent opportunities, and which are, or might develop into, threats. When these are considered alongside the internal strengths and weaknesses, we are able to construct a swot statement. A swot statement is a summary of the internal and external analyses. The swot factors are not strategies; they are observations resulting from the previous analyses. The strengths and weaknesses are based on the internal analysis of an organization and the opportunities and threats are based on the analysis of the environment which is external to the organization. One key distinguishing characteristic between the strengths and weaknesses on the one hand and the opportunities and threats on the other is the degree of control that managers may have. With the internal strengths and weaknesses managers can often exert control whereas with regard to the opportunities and threats, managers are less likely to be able to control such factors. If for example the organization has strong balance sheet strength) this will have resulted from managerial decisions. If, instead the organization is seen as being over-staffed (a weakness), managers can address the issue through reducing staff numbers. Conversely, by way of example, changing government policies, product changes by competitors or a war breaking out (all of, which might produce opportunities or threats to an individual organization depending on the circumstances) are beyond the control of managers. The SWOT represents a position statement stating where the organization is at the time of the analysis in relation to its environment. It is not the strategy itself and should not involve making statements about what should be done next. Instead it provides a firm platform for planning for the future of the organization, i.e. formulating the strategy which is the next stage in the strategic process. In presenting the SWOT a number of rules should be followed: Too much detail should be avoided so that the key points can be clearly seen. Keep each point short and to the point so that an overview can quickly be gained. The detailed justifications for the points presented in the table should be presented separately. Many of the points presented in the SWOT may be relative rather than absolute and consequently a matter of some judgement. Thus it is difficult to say at exactly what level a high level of financial gearing becomes a weakness or a share of a particular market becomes strength. The SWOT should not concentrate solely on hard facts (such as financial measures or market growth statistics) that can be measured or proved. Softer factors such as organizational culture or the leadership skills exhibited by managers may be more difficult to measure but they are nevertheless important for organizational performance. The analysis should prioritise and combine points. The most important points should be shown first and points that are not key or strategic in nature should be excluded. In some cases it may be necessary to combine smaller points to make one large overarching point. For example, if a SWOT is partly based on a financial analysis of an organization which indicates a strong financial position, the SWOT should not have individual points on high level of profitability, low gearing, adequate liquidity, etc., for to do so would confuse the presentation. The point presented in the SWOT should be that is that the organization has a strong financial position. The justification for making such a point would be provided by the assessments relating to profitability, gearing liquidity and so on. The process sometimes involves an additional stage of condensing the strengths, weaknesses; opportunities and threats (SWOT) into a survey of the key issues. These are the most pressing or most important elements of the SWOT statement those which require the most urgent action or which the strategy should be particularly designed to address. Once we have established the organizations internal strengths and weaknesses, and its external opportunities and threats, the challenge becomes to select a strategy that will address the weaknesses and threats whilst at the same time, will build upon its strengths and exploit its opportunities. It is important to understand that a detailed internal and external analysis is a necessary pre-requisite for the SWOT information it emerges from the internal and external analyses. The second stage in the strategic process involves taking the important information gathered from the strategic analysis and using it to make an intelligent and informed selection of the most appropriate course of action for the future. It is at this stage that we come to appreciate the importance of the strategic analysis. If we have gained insufficient or flawed information from the analysis, then we cannot be sure that the strategy selection we make will be the right one. Selection therefore begins with an examination of the strategic analysis. Once we are acquainted with it, we normally generate a list of the options open to the organization, paying particular attention to how each option will address the key issues. After this, we evaluate each option using a number of criteria. Finally, the most appropriate strategic option is selected. A strategy is a plan that integrates an organizations major goals, policies, decisions and sequences of action into a cohesive whole. It can ap ply at all levels in an organization and pertain to any of the functional areas of management. Thus there may be production, financial, marketing, personnel and corporate strategies, just to name a few. If we look specifically at marketing then there may be pricing, product, promotion, distribution, marketing research, sales, advertising, merchandising, etc. strategies. Strategy is concerned with effectiveness rather than efficiency and is the process of analysing the environment and designing the fit between the organization, its resources and objectives and the environment. The strategic process refers to the manner in which strategy is formulated. There are several approaches. First, the rational approach, making use of tools such as SWOT analysis and portfolio models. Second, the flexible approach, which employs multiple scenario planning. The creative approach reflects the use of imagination in planning. The behavioural approach reflects the influence of power, politics and personalities. And finally, the incremental approach is based on small adjustments or changes to previously successful strategies. 2. COMPANY HISTORY Carvel Corporation had one of the oldest and most endearing histories of all the ice cream companies in the U.S. In 1934 Tom Carvel, a Greek immigrant, parlayed a flat tire on his ice cream truck into what would become a multimillion dollar franchise business. As the story had it, after a flat tire forced Tom Carvel into an abandoned parking lot one summer afternoon in 1934, Mr. Carvel quickly realized he could sell far more product in a stationary location than he ever could in the streets of Hartsdale, NY. Mr. Carvel soon borrowed $100 and opened the first Carvel Ice Cream store. Mr. Carvel used a combination of fresh ice cream and innovative products and manufacturing techniques to establish himself as the local, family-oriented ice cream parlor in the New York City area. In 1947, Mr. Carvel franchised his first store and proceeded to become one of the pioneers in fast food franchising. In fact, it was only after Tom Carvel refused his partnership offer that Ray Kroc used Mr. Carvels store design as the model for his McDonalds chain. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the gravely voiced Mr. Carvel used his folksy and savvy style to dominate the greater New York area. By standardizing procedures and providing franchisees with exclusive product designs and marketing material, Mr. Carvel expanded all along the East Coast. By the early 1980s, there were over 800 Carvel stores in operation along the East Coast and in some Midwestern states such as Ohio and Wisconsin. Included in the company chain were over 40 stores in California. However, by the mid 1980s, the recess ion and the strain on Tom Carvel to manage his business began to take its effect on the franchise. Sales and quality control began to decline, and events forced Mr. Carvel to consider changes. In 1989, at age 88, faced with diminishing sales and increasing store closures, Tom Carvel reluctantly sold his company to Investcorp, aBahrainian-based investment banking group. The Investcorp strategy centered on acquiring previously gainful companies whose profitability had diminished in recent years due to recession. Following that strategy, between 1988 and 1992 Investcorp had purchased Macys, Sax Fifth Avenue, Tilecorp, and Carvel. By infusing new capital and bringing in a new management team headed by CEO Steve Fellingham, the former president of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Investcorp focused on growth and revamping Carvels listless image. Management was forced, however, to walk a fine line between creating a new, vibrant image for Carvel and alienating long-time, loyal customers who had grown up with Mr. Carvels occasionally awkward but always folksy style. In 1992, Carvel introduced the Ice Cream Bakery concept to its customers. Under this program, the company continued to offer long-time favourites such as Cookie Puss and Fudgie the Whale, but also introduced a new product line that featured specialty cakes and novelty ice cream treats for special occasions. By focusing on creating Carvel ice cream as a bakery dessert item, Carvel hoped to reduce both the cyclical sale pattern of the company and the perception that an ice cream cake was only for special occasions. To this end, Carvel instituted its current mission statement: Working together, we will make Carvel the leading choice for unique, quality frozen desserts by consistently exceeding customer expectations. In 1993, the company initiated its grocery store program in which Carvel displayed its own dedicated freezers in the bakery departments of supermarkets up and down the East Coast. By 1994, in the face of industry-wide declines, Carvel decided it was time to bring its Ice Cream Bakery to the Peoples Republic. 3. PRODUCT LINE Carvel Corporation offered a wide variety of ice cream products. The companys fundamental product, though, remained its soft serve ice cream and fountain line. Included in this category were: cups and cones shakes floats sundaes hard ice cream-soft ice cream that is frozen in the shock box in tubs so that it can be scooped and served as traditional ice cream. In order to promote the everyday nature of the business, though, management had introduced 4. COMPETITION Carvel Beijing faced a very fragmented market in Beijing. Generally speaking, several domestic and international companies had penetrated the market and achieved moderate brand awareness. However, no brand had yet to break from the pack and establish itself as the market leader in ice cream. The following breakdown describes the most dominant of these fragmented players: Walls was a Holland-based company and one of the market leaders in Europe and Australia. In Beijing, Walls product line was limited to cups, cones, and various other novelty treats. Mainly, their distribution was limited to roughly 3,000 rollhards from which they sold novelty ice creams, namely cups and cones. Walls was also available in several supermarkets. As one of the first western ice creams in Beijing, Walls still enjoyed the benefits of its first mover status. Beijing customers still considered Walls to be the preeminent Western ice cream in Beijing, simply due to breadth and duration of its presence. On average, Walls sold its products for  ¥4, but recently it had raised its prices to  ¥5. It was estimated that Carvel had taken much of its market share from Walls. Buds was a San Francisco-based ice cream company that enjoyed a wide presence and brand awareness in Beijing. Although only a regional brand in the U.S., in China, Buds enjoyed the reputation of being the pre-eminent American brand because it was the first American brand to appear in the PRC. To date, in a country where consumers still prized a companys tradition and longevity, both Baskin Robbins and Carvel had not yet been able to dispel Buds image. Like Walls, Buds did not have any retail store outlets. Instead, Buds sold only from nearly 600 rollhards scattered throughout Beijings markets and supermarkets. Buds only produced cup and cone products, and its prices matched those of Walls. Small cups were  ¥4.2, hard ice cream was  ¥6, and pints sold for  ¥23. Baskin-Robbins represented the most significant long term competition to Carvel Beijing for several reasons. First, Baskin- Robbins was Carvels chief rival in the U.S. and its products enjoyed more national brand awareness than Carvels. Secondly, Baskin- Robbins was the only competitor in Beijing that produced an all ice cream cake and had retail stores in which to promote them. Finally, Baskin-Robbins had a longer and broader presence in Beijing and appeared to have the positioning strategy that Carvel had targeted. Baskin-Robbins presence was mainly limited to its two retail stores. Like Carvel, Baskin- Robbins offered its customers a true ice cream parlor experience. While Carvels cakes were of better quality, Baskin-Robbins relied on its tradition of hard ice cream cones and fountain products to drive sales. Currently, Baskin- Robbins charged  ¥9 for a single scoop ice cream cone and  ¥107 for a cake comparable to Carvels small round. Baskin-Robbins did not have any wholesale outlets at this time. 5. SWOT ANALYSIS (S)trengths Carvel had the best ice cream cake in Beijing and one of the best ice creams. Carvel had received positive reviews from its customers. Training and operations had progressed well and the company was ready to increase production. (W)eaknesses Vaguely defined management roles and objectives hampered definitive marketing policies. Inability to source inputs locally continued to hamper the bottom line. Too many potential customers still did not know of Carvel Beijing. (O)pportunities Carvel was looking into involving the foreign embassy community in its sales promotions as a means of increasing both sales and potential outside business contracts. The approaching summer allowed Carvel to have a seasonal grand opening to reintroduce the brand to first time customers. Wang Mengs offer to use 6,000 New Continent vendcarts offered Carvel the opportunity to increase greatly the brands exposure at minimal cost. (T)hreats The cash flow and sales problems threatened to scuttle the proposed business plan for 1995. The competition, including Wang Meng, were quickly realizing the potential of ice cream cakes in Beijing, and Carvels competitive advantage in this area would be challenged. The dynamic political and economic environment in China presented inherent uncertainty. Beijing residents enjoyed a wide variety of dessert products. Besides ice cream products, there were numerous bakeries that offered a variety of traditional Chinese-designed cakes and pastries. These flour-based cakes were richly designed with traditional Chinese figures and styles and sold on average from  ¥100 to  ¥250 for an ornate wedding cake. Other traditional treats included pastries with a sweetened jelly or fruit paste filling. Chinese also enjoyed various types of traditional dried fruits, and they often ended each meal with a platter of fresh fruit and tea. There were also many styles of Chinese and Western candies. Furthermore, a traditional sweet treat called suan niu nai literally meaning sour milks), a yogurt-like product, was sold throughout the city for  ¥1.5. Chinese of all status enjoyed suan niu nai at all hours of the day, but it was more closely associated with the less affluent segments of society. Finally, the growth of McDonalds, Burger K ing, and Kentucky Fried Chicken had presented Carvel with other possible substitute products. More and more consumers were trying these fast food giants own desserts, such as apple pies, shakes, and their own ice cream cups and sundaes. In short, there were a wide variety of dessert and snack treats from which Chinese consumers could choose. What concerned Phil Fang, though, was that all these alternative treats were cheaper and more widely recognized than his product line. 6. CONCLUSION Having done this analysis, Fang had to plot his strategy for the rest of 1995 and beyond. More important, he had to make some very tough decisions on where he wanted to position Carvel Beijing as it entered its first and, arguably, most important summer in Beijing. Among the most pressing issues he had to face were: how to price the product: competitively or as premium product how to design and position the cakes: as American products or as more traditional Chinese products how to confront the financial problems: with short term or long term policies how to respond to Wangs vendcart proposal how to produce the mix: as the original American mix or as a less sweet mix more appealing to traditional Chinese tastes What complicated these decisions were the problems associated with a multinational joint venture: issues of personality, culture, and the joint venture agreement itself. In the end, though, it was Phil Fang who would have to overcome these challenges and seize upon the unique chance to create the first truly national brand of ice cream in the Peoples Republic of China. A good strategy is designed to fit organizational capability with environmental opportunity. It is best summarized by the SWOT approach and has very close links with the case study approach pioneered by the Harvard Business School. This school sees strategy as based on the classical approach. It is the rational product of a senior manager, usually the chief executive officer, consciously and deliberately à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nding a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ t between the internal strengths and weaknesses of an enterprise and the external threats and opportunities it faces. A strategy is viewed as an explicit, simple and unique conception. Formulation precedes implementation and is separate from it. There is often a range of options from which the strategy to be implemented is chosen. The one which provides the best à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ t or best design is chosen. Changes from Macro Environment Many changes from the macro environment have the potential to cripple even the best of strategies and must therefore be wa tched. Managers should note any changes in the environmental factors cited above as conducive to innovation. Potential changes in exchange rates, especially unanticipated large ones, central bank policies that raise interest rates, and taxation laws, along with demographic and sociopolitical changes, all have the potential to impact firm strategies. Managers should examine them carefully for potential threats and opportunities. In particular, they should examine the potential impact of changes in tax policies concerning the Internet. This analysis of a firms current performance, appraisal of its business model, appraisal of its competitors business models, analysis of industry attractiveness, assessment of its macro environment, projection of the evolution of the Internet, and a forecast of its environmental changes is sometimes called a strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis.

Study drugs aflevering

Is the world (we) teaching the children always to strive for more? Is it never enough? Can you always do better? Should you do everything to achieve you best? What is the limit? For many of students the pressure of high scores, the parents expectations (or what the students think is the parents expectations) are enough to drive them towards the ‘Study Drugs'. Fellow students probably have told them about the benefit of the drugs. Its easier to take a pill and carry on like a freight train, than studying at a normal rate.According to most users, you can study for hours without getting tired and without losing focus on the assignment. You can use nights instead of days etc. According to Martha J. Farad, director at the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the university of Pennsylvania, up to 25 percent of students on some college campuses has used these drugs from February 2008 to February 2009. The price can go from AS to 25$ a pill, depending whether is near exams week or not. The main concern is, that most don't know or talk about the down side of the abuse.I don't know which side effect is worst, addiction, hart deceases or psychosis. According to the website: http://www. Otherworldly. Org/ druggists/rattail. HTML Rattail is called names like the poor man's cocaine and Diet Coke. They have made a brochure that explains about the side effects of the abuse. For example in 2004 Rattail was involved in an estimated 3,601 hospital emergency department visits. The conclusion is never use drugs as an easy way through your problems (at work, school or sports).The side effects are prohibitive. Personally will never try drugs. My father is a drug addict. Even though he's a recovering addict, I still remember the side effects of the drugs as well of the side effects of his detect. He took heroin and drugs like that Sometimes that made him hyperactive and it was very embarrassing when we were among family and rends, but it also made him very lethargic and lazy and he just laid on the couch out of contact with the rest of the world.

The Summer Break Of 2013 - 919 Words

During the summer break of 2013 I was an eager soon to be a sophomore. Even with summer break, I faced a stressful combination of summer school, Crew soccer club practice, and homework. To cope with them, I unknowingly turned to unhealthy eating and sleep deprivation. As you can imagine my summer did not go the way I expected it to. I finished summer school in the middle of July when I woke up with a sudden, harsh, and excruciating pain in my lower abdomen. I couldn’t bare to even get up from bed. I thought maybe I needed to go to the bathroom, which didn’t solve the problem. I was sweating continuously. All I could do was cry in the fetal position. It felt as if a professional boxer was jabbing my lower abdomen from left to right. I†¦show more content†¦I was scared for my life that this might be the end. That following night I went into the operating room. After the surgery, I had to stay in the hospital for 4 days. It was the worst experience I ever had. I had no appetite, all I had was water. Even though my appendix was removed, I still felt the pain in my lower abdomen. I had to walk around the hospital floor in order to relieve some air from my stomach. It was very quiet and dark since barely any sunlight came through the windows. The cold air made me feel sick to my stomach. It was depressing to see young children on ventilating machines or babies placed in clear boxes because of their conditions. Each time I walked in the hallways passing each room, I was crying. Being stuck in this environment made me want to leave immediately. There was no happy place for me. I was able to get a lot of support from the nurses and doctor who always checked up on me. My uncle, who is a doctor of Chiropractic visited me daily to make adjustments on my spine. As each day passed, the pain was slowly fading away. Although I had help, I on my own, had to continue to walk until I finally felt better. Fortunately, after 3 days, I was able to walk around freely, gained my appetite back and was finally discharged from the hospital. Back at home, I had to stay inside the house and not do any physical activity which was difficult to cope with because I felt useless. My incisions were still healing at the time so I

The Impact of Sociology of the Social Divisions Essay

The Impact of Sociology of the Social Divisions Examine critically some of the ways in which the sociology of the social divisions have impacted on your own personal and family history, and assess the implications for your professional practice as a social worker. There are many social divisions that we encounter during our life course, some may have a direct influence in shaping who we are, what we think and what attitudes we hold. Social divisions can affect how we†¦show more content†¦I feel that being the youngest gave me the chance to observe how differently my brother and sister were treated. My sister was always expected to help with the housework while my brother helped my father to mend the roof of the garden shed and dig the garden over. Even though my sister was the eldest my brother was allowed to stay out later and was also allowed to go to the local youth club, whereas my sister was not allowed to go because she was a girl. At Christmas time my brother always received guns and soldiers while my sister and myself got dolls and tea sets, emphasising the domestic roll. Such gifts were also given by extended family such as aunts, uncles and grandparents. This was my first experience of my parents attitudes that the female is the carer and nurturer of the family while the male is the provider and protector. This attitude is called patriarchy and is described by Sylvia Walby as â€Å"a system of social structures, and practices, in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women†, (Bilton et al p.140). Walby believes in two types of patriarchy, private and public. Private patriarchy describes the way in which women are controlled by their husbands or fathers for the benefit of the male as it is the male who benefits most from patriarchal relations. Gender as a division became much more apparent as I got older.Show MoreRelatedKarl Marx Alienation1069 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern division of labour based on inequality. 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